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In the twenty first century Africa has seen an increased momentum and an infusion of economic vibrancy in various sectors of the economy. In most of the countries there has been the development of a strong private sector participation in business and…

Innovation is a natural part of all human societies. Africans are probably more innovative than other races, if necessity is the mother of inventions, and yet have realised the least benefits from the exploitation of innovation in the performance of…

Accepted: 4 November 2022 The current global issue of the COVID-19 pandemic has prompted the push and utilization of all available means to halt its spread. COVID-19 is a highly infectious disease, and continuously monitoring early symptoms could…

In the manufacturing industry of Printed Circuit Boards (PCBs), the quality and reliability of circuits are highly dependent on the accuracy of the manufacturing processes. Etching is the most sensitive process needed in manufacturing processes and…