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                <text>Health Service Marketing&#13;
Management in Africa</text>
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                <text>Healthcare services are considered the backbone of society and human wellness. The recent institutional transformations in the healthcare services have enormous potential for research and the&#13;
sector is fast becoming an exciting field of inquiry for marketing and management scholars. Given&#13;
that marketers are concerned about the creation of value for customers, one of the latest trends in&#13;
the healthcare sector in Africa is the application of tested and established principles of value creation in mainstream marketing to the healthcare sector. However, this remains a grey area which&#13;
requires a comprehensive understanding and application of mainstream marketing and management principles. As a result, this book presents contemporary and thoughtful insights to address&#13;
marketing and management related principles in healthcare delivery within the African context.&#13;
Healthcare services are considered the backbone of society and human wellness. In recent times,&#13;
these services have undergone extensive institutional transformation (Danaher and Gallan, 2016).&#13;
Within the context of this transformation, marketing, service quality and value creation enhance&#13;
the service experience of healthcare customers (Osei-Frimpong, 2016). For example, Sahoo and&#13;
Ghosh (2016) identified service delivery, amongst others, as a significant contributor to enhancing&#13;
customer satisfaction in private healthcare delivery. It is notable that the healthcare industry has&#13;
enormous potential and is fast becoming an exciting field of endeavour for marketing practitioners. Given that marketers are concerned about the creation of value for customers, one of the latest&#13;
trends in the healthcare sector is the application of tested and established principles of value creation in mainstream marketing to the healthcare sector.&#13;
Stremersch (2008) notes that the application of marketing to healthcare is a fascinating field&#13;
that will likely have more impact on society than any field of marketing. He further states that an&#13;
intrinsically unstable environment characterises this very relevant emerging field, hence raising&#13;
new questions. Changing regulations, discoveries and new health treatments continuously appear&#13;
and give rise to these questions. Furthermore, advancements in technology not only improve the&#13;
healthcare delivery systems but also provide avenues for customers to seek information regarding their health conditions and influence their participatory behaviours or changing roles in the&#13;
service delivery (Osei-Frimpong, Wilson and Lemke, 2018). Increasingly, there is a shift from the&#13;
doctor-led approach to a more patient-centred approach. About a decade ago, Kay (2007) argued&#13;
that healthcare organisations need to utilise marketing tools more effectively for customer information and assistance in their healthcare decisions. This effort can only be achieved by healthcare&#13;
2 Health Service Marketing Management in Africa&#13;
organisations that promote increased accessibility of care and improved quality of service. Kay&#13;
(2007) argued these points from the perspective of the US-based healthcare system described as&#13;
“market-based”.&#13;
In Africa, the importance of marketing-driven practices in improving the delivery of healthcare&#13;
services cannot be overemphasised. The issue of healthcare delivery and management is significant&#13;
for policymakers, private sector players and consumers of health-related services in developing&#13;
economy contexts. Scholars have strongly argued in favour of marketing and value creation in&#13;
healthcare service delivery in Africa (i.e. Wanjau, Muiruri and Ayodo, 2012; Mahmoud, 2016;&#13;
Osei-Frimpong 2016). For instance, in Ghana, Osei-Frimpong (2016) advocated for healthcare service providers to understand patient needs or goals and adopt a holistic engagement approach that&#13;
would result in positive experiences. Customer experience affects the perception of service quality and acceptability of healthcare services. In South Africa, Hasumi and Jacobsen (2014) found&#13;
that long waiting times, unavailable medications and staff who are perceived as being unfriendly&#13;
affected the acceptability of healthcare services. In Egypt, Shafei, Walburg and Taher (2015) identified areas of shortfall in service quality as including physician reliability, physician assurance,&#13;
nursing reliability and nursing assurance. In the Nigerian context, Adepoju, Opafunso and Ajayi&#13;
(2018) found that patients were not satisfied with the quality of service in most of the dimensions&#13;
assessed (i.e. assurance, reliability, tangibles, empathy and responsiveness). In a study on factors&#13;
affecting service quality in the public health sector in Kenya, Wanjau, Muiruri and Ayodo (2012)&#13;
found that low employee capacity, low technology adoption, ineffective communication channels&#13;
and insufficient funding affect service quality delivery to patients, thus influencing healthcare&#13;
service quality perceptions, patient satisfaction and loyalty. These examples of healthcare service&#13;
marketing research, in the present contexts, highlight the need to utilise marketing and value creation tools in the delivery of healthcare services. Furthermore, there is a need for the integration of&#13;
service marketing and management principles to enhance the delivery of quality healthcare across&#13;
Africa and other developing economies. Therein lies the critical importance of this book.&#13;
Drawing on the above discussions, this new book on Health Service Marketing Management&#13;
responds to calls for quality healthcare service management practices or processes from developing economy perspectives. Focusing primarily on Africa, this book covers seven thematic areas,&#13;
namely: Strategy in Healthcare; Marketing Imperatives in Healthcare Management; Product and&#13;
Pricing Management in Healthcare; Distribution, Marketing Communications and Branding in&#13;
Healthcare; People, Physical Evidence and Service Quality Management in Healthcare; Process&#13;
Management in Healthcare; and Technology in Healthcare.</text>
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                <text>Healthcare services are considered the backbone of society and human wellness. The recent institutional transformations in the healthcare services have enormous potential for research and the sector is fast becoming an exciting field of inquiry for marketing and management scholars. Given that marketers are concerned about the creation of value for customers, one of the latest trends in the healthcare sector in Africa is the application of tested and established principles of value creation in mainstream marketing to the healthcare sector. However, this remains a grey area which requires a comprehensive understanding and application of mainstream marketing and management principles. As a result, this book presents contemporary and thoughtful insights to address marketing and management related principles in healthcare delivery within the African context.</text>
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                <text>https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9780429400858-1/introduction-healthcare-service-marketing-management-robert-ebo-hinson-kofi-osei-frimpong-ogechi-adeola-lydia-aziato</text>
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                <text>Market orientation and positioning are strategies linked to hotel performance. This study report‘s on the joint effect of market&#13;
orientation and positioning on hotel performance. A survey of 110 star rated hotels in Ghana was used. A total of 225&#13;
questionnaires were received but 210 were used for the analyses. Exploratory factor analysis and hierarchical regression were&#13;
used. All hypotheses were accepted. This study extends Blankson et al. (2013)‘s work and also provide hotel managers with&#13;
ways to enhance their performance via market orientation and positioning.&#13;
Keywords: Market Orientation, Positioning, hotel, Ghana, Performance</text>
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                <text>4&#13;
th International Conference on Contemporary Marketing Issues (</text>
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                <text>Bank customersâ€™ preferences and responses to Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) initiatives in Ghana</text>
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                <text>Â The study seeks to investigate Ghanaian bank customersâ€™ ranked preference for corporate social responsibility (CSR) initiatives and determine which initiative has the greatest effect on attitude and behaviour toward banks. A sample of 384 retail bank customers is employed in the study. Applying a one-way MANOVA and two uni-variate ANOVAs, the study finds that customers have the highest preference for corporate philanthropy initiatives, followed by customer-centric and community volunteering initiatives. Additionally, the overall effects of CSR initiatives on customersâ€™ attitude and behavioural intentions toward bank brands are found to be significant. More specifically, the study finds, using a ScheffÃ© post-hoc test, that corporate philanthropy initiative have the greatest effect on both attitude and behavioural intentions towards bank brands. Based on the findings, the study recommends that the best type of CSR initiative that retail banks should apply to stimulate customersâ€™ attitude and behaviour towards their brands in Ghana is corporate philanthropy initiatives.</text>
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                <text>https://ajobe.journals.ac.za/pub/article/view/107</text>
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                <text>In modern times, the nature of higher education around&#13;
the world has been largely determined by the models&#13;
established in influential countries such as France, Germany,&#13;
Great Britain and the United States of America (Pechar &amp;&#13;
Park, 2017; OECD and European Union, 2019). This book,&#13;
titled Understanding the higher education market in Africa,&#13;
offers theoretical and practical insights into the dynamics&#13;
of higher education, especially the marketing of higher&#13;
education, in this comparatively less-researched continent.&#13;
It explores the key players, challenges and policies affecting&#13;
higher education across the continent; their marketing&#13;
strategies and the students’ selection processes. </text>
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                <text>From library anxiety to mobile&#13;
Internet use</text>
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                <text>As is often the case, this issue deals with a variety of&#13;
aspects of information development in a variety of&#13;
countries – from library anxiety in the Sudan to mobile&#13;
Internet use in China.&#13;
The first paper deals with a country, the Sudan,&#13;
which has featured only rarely in our pages over the&#13;
years. ‘Sudanese library anxiety constructs’, by&#13;
K.A. Abusin of the Sudan University of Science and&#13;
Technology, and A.N. Zainab and Noor Harun Abdul&#13;
Karim of the University of Malaya, reports on a study&#13;
that explored library anxiety amongst Sudanese&#13;
university students and identified the contributing&#13;
factors. These factors were identified using diary&#13;
information collected from third year undergraduate&#13;
students. The analysis of diary entries revealed eight&#13;
library constructs, which were collectively named&#13;
‘Sudanese Library Anxiety Construct’. The eight constructs comprised affective and cognitive barriers and&#13;
negative perceptions towards the academic library&#13;
environment, library staff, peers, library services,&#13;
library collections and library regulations. The results&#13;
show that a high proportion of Sudanese university&#13;
students experience feelings of fear and anxiety when&#13;
using the library to write their first research paper.&#13;
We remain in Africa with the second paper,&#13;
‘Internet browsing behavior: a case study of executive&#13;
postgraduate students in Ghana’, by Robert Ebo&#13;
Hinson of the University of Ghana Business School.&#13;
The paper examines the motivation for Internet&#13;
browsing amongst Executive MBA students at the&#13;
School. The study revealed that students browse the&#13;
Internet for social, academic and professional purposes.&#13;
Their social use includes sending and receiving&#13;
email, socializing through Facebook, chatting and&#13;
making new friends. Academic motivations for&#13;
browsing include research, getting access to academic journal databases, interacting with lecturers&#13;
and supervisors, registering for professional courses&#13;
and obtaining information on specific courses of&#13;
study. Professionally, students browse the Internet&#13;
to obtain trade information, interact with clients,&#13;
check on conference alerts, and access databases of&#13;
clients. In general, the students browse the Internet&#13;
because of its perceived usefulness in providing quick&#13;
and accessible information, its convenience and as a&#13;
communication tool.&#13;
We move to Asia, and a completely different topic,&#13;
with the next paper, ‘The effect of ICT on political&#13;
development: a qualitative study of Iran’, by Ali&#13;
Pirannejad of the University of Tehran. Twenty-six&#13;
government officials and policy makers and 31 ordinary&#13;
citizens of Tehran were interviewed to investigate&#13;
how ICT affects political development. The results&#13;
were grouped into five categories: political empowerment and public control, as two factors which affect&#13;
the political development of people; and capacity&#13;
building, public service and transparency, as three&#13;
elements which affect political development in&#13;
government. The study found that ICTs influence the&#13;
political development of people through empowerment and public control, which help them to monitor&#13;
their government. The paper concludes with some&#13;
ideas for further research.&#13;
The next paper takes us to the other side of the&#13;
world with another change of subject. In ‘The potential of e-reserves for the Main Library, University of&#13;
the West Indies, St. Augustine, Trinidad’, Rabia&#13;
Ramlogan and Jennifer Papin-Ramcharan (deceased),&#13;
of the University of the West Indies, outline the factors to be taken into account by the library in looking&#13;
to implement an e-reserves service. Background&#13;
preparation involved a survey of the literature and&#13;
current library practices to assess the benefits and&#13;
challenges of e-reserves, while other factors considered included increased access to local content and&#13;
local copyright legislation. The implementation of the&#13;
e-reserves pilot is discussed, followed by the pilot’s&#13;
preliminary findings and lessons learned from the&#13;
pilot experience. The paper ends with recommendations&#13;
aimed at moving the project forward, giventhe service’s&#13;
importance regarding increased availability and&#13;
accessibility of core teaching materials</text>
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                <text>This article explores the importance that prospective jobseekers&#13;
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firms and how their CSR perceptions may translate into&#13;
their willingness to work for CSR-practising firms. The study&#13;
employed correlations, as well as multiple and hierarchical&#13;
regressions to analyse data collected from 603 respondents.&#13;
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to working for CSR-practising firms. Male respondents&#13;
attached higher importance to firms’ engagement in CSR&#13;
while respondents from the African continent attached higher&#13;
importance to firms’ engagement in CSR than respondents&#13;
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                <text>This article reports a comparative study of the key motives underlying corporate social responsibility&#13;
(CSR) practices of foreign and local firms operating in Ghana and the societal as well as business&#13;
outcomes of these practices. The results show that while the CSR decisions of foreign firms are mainly&#13;
guided by legal prescriptions, those of their local counterparts are guided mostly by discretionary&#13;
and social considerations. The socially oriented CSR practices of the local firms are consistent with&#13;
cultural expectations in Ghana that those with extra resources should support the less privileged&#13;
members of the society. But the difference in the degree of importance that the two groups of firms attach to discretionary motives for their CSR practices is not statistically significant. The article also discusses the policy, strategy, and research implications of the findings. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.</text>
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                <text>Published online in Wiley Online Libra</text>
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                <text>Marketing Communications in Emerging Economies, Volume II</text>
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                <text>Drawing on the expertise of multi-disciplinary scholars from emerging economies, this volume aims to share fascinating perspectives on marketing communications by discussing the shift in the power of public relations, and highlighting how the small and local use communication effectively to improve performance and shares useful lessons on how to communicate hope by responding to customer emotions during uncertainties. The book contains valuable lessons and insights on communicating corporate social responsibility, effective social media communication, enacting brand purpose through communication, and using aesthetics in point-of-purchase advertising to drive purchase intention. It is the first of its kind to highlight key conceptual issues and provide critical empirical evidence on marketing communications in and from emerging economies. Corporate executives, educators, students, policymakers and businesses would find this book a useful tool on marketing communication as it lays bare some important strategic and operational insights specific to emerging markets.</text>
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