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                  <text>Food Science </text>
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                <text>Effect of cowpea fortification on the quality characteristics of plantain-based Ghanaian traditional foods</text>
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                <text>EO SAKYI-DAWSON, O Aduamah, SK Sefa-Dedeh, EO Afoakwa</text>
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                <text>Cowpea fortification has been used to effectively improve the protein content of some traditional foods. It is however important to find out the extent to which addition of cowpea affects the desirable quality characteristics of the nutritionally improved products. This study investigated the effect of cowpea fortification on the physico-chemical, functional and sensory qualities of two popular plantain-based traditional Ghanaian foods (unripe plantain fufu and fried ripe plantain-pancake-tatale). The plantain fufu flour was fortified with cowpea at concentrations of 0, 10 and 20%. For the tatale mix, cowpea was substituted for wheat flour at levels of 0, 10, 20% and 100%. Product proximate composition, physico-chemical and functional properties were determined using standard analytical procedures. The acceptability of key sensory quality characteristics (color, taste, flavor, and softness) was assessed using a consumer panel. The softness of tatale was measured with the TA. XT2 Texture analyzer. Cowpea fortification enhanced the nutritional quality of the plantain products. In the tatale mix, protein increased from 6.1% at 0% fortification to 13.8%(dry weight basis) at 100% fortification. Protein increased from 3.3% to 6.3% in fufu flour. At 20% fortification, ash, fat and fiber also increased to significant (p&lt; 0.05) levels for both products. Cowpea fortification reduced the water absorption capacity of both products. Swelling capacity at both 28 C and 70 C decreased with increasing cowpea concentration. Viscoamylograph indices indicated that cowpea fortification of fufu flour enhanced its viscosity characteristics. The cooked paste viscosity indices of the tatale mix …</text>
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                <text>Board, gender diversity and firm performance</text>
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                <text>Eric Atta Appiadjei, George Oppong Ampong, Fredrick Nsiah</text>
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                <text>The article examined Board Gender Diversity and Firm Performance. Covering the 34 listed companies on the Ghana’s capital market over the period 2010 to 2014. It observed that women are poorly represented on the corporate boards of listed firms in Ghana. Highest female board representation was the financial services industry with 16%. Trading, Pharmaceutics and IT industries appointed only 1% female to boards, Automobile industry had none. Age and female board representation relationship depicts a trigonometric function in nature, younger firms tend to appoint more women than firms established forty years ago. Age of listing and female board representation depicts quadratic function in nature, as firms initially enters capital market, female board representation increased and falls overtime. Local firms appointed 38%, whiles multinationals appointed 62% female boards. Multinationals appointed more women to boards in Ghana. Regression analyses observed that, a unit increase in the ratio of women on a firm’s board, return on equity increased proportionately by 21.6. Additionally, a unit increase in female board ratio, net profit margin increased proportionately by 18.2.</text>
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                <text>Development and Validation of Work Place Integrity Scale; Evidence from Ghana.</text>
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                <text>Eric Atta Appiadjei, George Oppong Ampong, Samuel Akwasi Danso, Kennedy Annor Koranchie</text>
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                <text>This article developed and validated work place integrity scale that are applicable across industries. Responded questionnaire perceived to contribute to integrity were subjected to principal components analysis. Overall Cronbach’s alpha coefficient of 0.843 was reported. The Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin value was 0.887, whiles the Bartlett’s Test of Sphericity reached statistical significance, supporting the use of factor analysis. Total variance explained initially, revealed the presence of six components with eigenvalues 24.973%, 8.309%, 5.045%, 4.843%, 4.077%, 3.969% of the variance respectively contributing to a cumulative variance of 51.2%. Using Cattell’s scree test, it was decided to retain components 1&amp;2 for further investigation. To aid in the interpretation of these two components, oblimin rotation was performed which resulted in a simple pattern matrix with 2 components showing a number of strong loadings. The resulted component correlation matrix was very strong (0.346). The two-component solution explained a total of 33.2% of the variance, with Component 1 contributing 24.9% and Component 2 contributing 8.3%. The resulted pattern matrix relating to component 1 supports the non-usage of inducement to assess the integrity of a person, whiles component 2 support the use of inducement to assess the integrity of a person.</text>
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                <text>Managerial Economics.14th Edition</text>
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                <text>Eric Bentzen, Mark Hirschey </text>
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                <text>Cengage Learning</text>
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                <text> Evaluating The Internal Threats of an Organisation’s Information Security: A Case Study Of Xpress Gas Limited &#13;
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                <text>Information is of essence in today’s information age with ubiquity. Control systems are pivotal in any organisation with the quest to grow. Taking into account the numerous cases that have occasioned as a result of the poor control measures put in place to check the system. Advancement in information technologies such as the Internet has called for organisations to protect their information to ensure its confidentiality, integrity, and availability. Information security of every organisation is of essence especially an organisation to remain competitive. Organisations know the value information has regarding the reputation of the entity which can lead to loss of client’s confidence, financial loss, goodwill and trust, loss of potential sales and legal issues. The researcher used both the random sampling and purposive sampling techniques to select the study subjects. The purpose of this research is to evaluate the internal threats within an organisation’s information security; the case of Xpress Gas Ltd. The researcher uses purposive sampling technique because only staff members who directly connect to the logistics side of the information system. The researcher adopts this technique in order to acquire the relevant information. The study population are those employees who are directly dealing with the logistics aspects of the Company constituting the sample size of 200. Data collated from respondents is analyse using a Statistical Package for Social Science version 20 and Microsoft Excel is employ in analysing the data and present the data in table form using Microsoft Word. The findings showed that there are internal threats within Xpress Gas Ltd as majority of the respondents 84.5% threats found within Xpress Gas Ltd are more of internal threats related such as human error or failure, deliberate acts of information extortion, deliberate acts of espionage or trespass, deliberate acts of sabotage or vandalism, deliberate acts of theft, and deliberate software attacks.</text>
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                <text>Eric Maiwald</text>
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                <text>Changes in nib acidity, proteolysis and sugar concentration as influenced by pod storage and roasting conditions of fermented cocoa (Theobroma cacao) beans</text>
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                <text>Eric Ofosu-Ansah, Agnes Simpson Budu, Henry Mensah-Brown, Jemmy Felix Takrama, Emmanuel Ohene Afoakwa</text>
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                <text>Changes in nib acidity, protein and sugar concentration during roasting of pulp pre-conditioned and fermented cocoa (Theobroma cacao) beans were investigated. A 4× 4 full factorial design with the principal experimental factors as pod storage (0, 3, 7 and 10 d) and roasting time (0, 15, 30 and 45 min) were used. The roasted samples were evaluated for pH, titratable acidity, protein content and sugars concentrations using standard methods. Increasing pod storage caused consistent increases in pH with concomitant decreases in titratable acidity, whereas increasing roasting time caused only marginal and insignificant changes in pH but significantly decreased the titratable acidity. The protein content decreased significantly (P&lt; 0.05) with increasing pod storage and roasting time. Reducing sugars increased marginally with increasing pod storage treatments whiles increasing roasting time significantly (P&lt; 0.05) decreased the reducing sugars of the beans for all pod storage. The non-reducing sugar and total sugar content of the beans decreased significantly from 3.493 mg/g to 2.641 mg/g and from 9.284 mg/g to 8.891 mg/g, respectively, for pods stored from 0 to 10 days while roasting time caused slight decreases in non-reducing sugars with a considerable decrease in total sugars. Pod storage up to seven days decreased considerable the nib acidity (non-volatile acids), non-reducing sugars and total sugars while roasting up to 45 min at 120 C caused dramatic decreases in the nib acidity and reducing sugars with only marginal decreases in non-reducing sugars and total sugars.</text>
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                <text>David Publishing Company, Inc.</text>
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                <text>Incident causal factors and the reasons for conducting investigations: a study of five ghanaian large-scale mines</text>
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                <text>Eric Stemn, Florence Ntsiful, Marconi Afenyo Azadah, Theophilus Joe-Asare</text>
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                <text>Background&#13;
This research sought to understand the perspective of mineworkers regarding incident investigations, with the objective of identifying incident investigations improvement opportunities. First, through interviews, the research sought to identify the causal factors considered during investigations and the reasons for conducting investigations in the Ghanaian mining industry. Secondly, through questionnaire surveys, the study focused on understanding the extent to which a large sample of mineworkers considered the identified causal factors and investigation reasons relevant and applicable in their mine.&#13;
Method&#13;
Data were collected from 41 participants through interviews and 659 respondents through surveys, and the data were analyzed through thematic, content, and statistical analyses, including descriptive statistics, one-way ANOVA, and correlation analysis.&#13;
Result&#13;
The interviews led to the identification of five and nine categories of incident causal factors and reasons for investigating incidents, respectively. The results suggested a focus on workers’ unsafe acts as the main incident causal factor and identifying the person who caused the incident as one of the major reasons for investigating incidents, as these two factors where the modal choice from both the interviews and survey across all five mines. The results further showed that concerning the accident causal factors and the reasons for investigating incidents, no significant difference was observed between the perspectives of mineworkers involved in investigations and mineworkers with no investigation responsibilities.&#13;
Conclusion&#13;
It can be concluded from the results that talking …</text>
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                <text>Analysis of artisanal and small-scale gold mining accidents and fatalities in Ghana</text>
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                <text>Eric Stemn, Prince Oppong Amoh, Theophilus Joe-Asare</text>
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                <text>Artisanal and small-scale mining (ASM), which is rapidly increasing and widely practised across sub-Saharan Africa, is a significant source of livelihood for many people in the communities where they are practised. Apart from ASM presenting some economic benefits, it also poses some challenges to those who engaged in them, notably the health and safety of miners, considering that ASM is inherently risky. The study sought to examine publicly available ASM accidents/fatality reports to identify areas warranting further investigations to ensure the sector's sustainability. A total of 22 media reports of ASM accidents were collected for analysis following some selection criteria. Thirty-six accidents resulting in 622 fatalities were identified from the collected records. Of the 36 accidents, five resulted in single fatalities, with the remaining 32 resulting in multiple fatalities, indicating the high consequence nature of ASM …</text>
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                <text>Pergamon</text>
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