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                <text>CHANGES IN ACIDIFICATION AND STARCH BEHAVIOUR DURING CO-FERMENTATION OF CASSAVA (MANIHOT ESCULENTA CRANTZ) AND SOYBEAN (GLYCINE MAX MERR) INTO GARI'FARINA'</text>
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                <text>Effects of pulp preconditioning on total polyphenols, o-diphenols and anthocyanin concentrations during fermentation and drying of cocoa (Theobroma cacao) beans</text>
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                <text>Changes in total polyphenols, O-diphenols and anthocyanin concentrations during fermentation and drying of pulp pre-conditioned cocoa (Theobroma cacao) beans were investigated using standard analytical methods. Increasing pod storage, fermentation and drying led to variable reductions in total polyphenols, O-diphenols and anthocyanins content of the beans. The rates of reduction were however more pronounced during fermentation than pod storage and drying. Storage of cocoa pods between 3-7 days with 6 and 7 days of fermentation and drying respectively retained 85%-90% of the total polyphenol and O-diphenols of the cocoa beans. Similarly, anthocyanin content of beans from the 10 days of pod storage decreased by 70% in the sixth day of fermentation. Pod storage decreased the anthocyanin content at all periods of fermentation. These suggest that the post-harvest treatments of pod storage, fermentation and drying all results in variable reductions in polyphenolic content (total polyphenols and O-diphenols) and anthocyanins content of cocoa beans</text>
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Effects of pod storage and fermentation duration on total polyphenols, o-diphenols, and anthocyanin concentrations in cocoa (Theobroma cacao) beans</text>
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Eva Rabinowics, SLI, admitted that we do share food to some extent today through food aid, but that is no long term solution. Climate change will lead to crop failure and shortages. The present price spike on food is due to low global stocks. We need to develop systems for both aid and storage capacity. Global sharing of food and/or improved storage capacity would lower the future risk for price spikes. She also suggested that Sida funds should be used for infrastructure development (e.g. for storage). Gity Behravan, Sida, commented that African Union and NEPAD had identi fied the need for infrastructure development and are looking for partners in that process. Sida is one of them. Erik Karltun, SLU, brought three questions into the discussion: How much research will focus on diseases? How resilient are soils? What implications on future research does the need for adaptation to drought have? Anders …</text>
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                <text>Two Sida/SAREC supported PhD students, one based at Addis Ababa University (AAU) and one at SLU, have been working on different areas within this project. The AAU student has been part of a “sandwich” program, but for both students mobility between the department of Biology at AAU and the department of Plant Protection Biology at SLU Alnarp, has been high. The networking between the departments has also been enhanced by frequent reciprocal visits by the senior scientists in project. As part of the project, a state of the art laboratory for insect chemical ecology work has been established at AAU. Furthermore, competence training for chemical ecology research at AAU for others than the PhD students has been conducted both within the framework of this project, but also within a Linnaeus Palme exchange program that has been established between the departments as a result of the current collaboration.&#13;
Scholar articles&#13;
Building Sustainable Agricultural Development through Home-Grown School Feeding</text>
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                <text>Proper nutrition is critical for optimal growth, cognitive development, general well-being and academic performance of children. Access to good nutrition either at home or through the educational system can contribute to the elimination of malnutrition and its associated health and developmental problems. In this regard, The 2005 UN World Summit recommended the expansion of local school feeding programmes, using home-grown foods where possible as one of the “Quick impact initiatives” to achieve the Millennium Development Goals, especially for rural areas facing the dual challenge of high chronic malnutrition and low agricultural productivity. Further to this, the New Partnership for Africa’s Development (NEPAD) Secretariat and UN Millennium Project Task Force on Hunger proposed that school feeding be linked with agricultural development through the purchase of locally/domestically produced food, school gardens and the incorporation of agriculture into school curricula, to stimulate demand for locally produced food and trigger market mechanisms, particularly in marginal rural areas where these mechanisms do not exist. These developments show increasing recognition by the world community, and particularly by African governments, for the importance of school feeding. Given that most poor people in developing countries live in rural areas and earn livelihoods in the agricultural sector, school feeding is now being seen as a promising synergistic entry point to not only improve educational outcomes, along with nutrition and health status of poor and undernourished children, but also to jump-start local agricultural development in …</text>
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                <text>Spontaneous fermentation of maize produces lactic acids resulting in souring or acidification with associated improvement in taste, flavour and texture of the derived products. When combined with nixtamalization and cowpea fortification, it is expected to improve the nutritional quality and product functionality of maize based foods and as well introduce variety to maize processing. This study was carried out to investigate the changes in souring development, nutritional quality and functional properties during spontaneous fermentation of cowpea-fortified nixtamalized maize. A 2 x 3 x 3 factorial experimental design, with fermentation medium (water, coconut water), fermentation time (0, 24, 48 hours) and cowpea level (0, 15, 30 %) was performed. Nixtamalized maize was prepared by boiling whole maize in 1 % lime solution for 30 minutes, steeped in excess lime, milled into meal and kneaded into a dough using …</text>
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                <text>Spontaneous lactic acid fermentation is an important process in cereal processing. It is applied to develop and enhance taste and flavour, modify texture and improve the microbial safety of foods. When applied with nixtamalization to maize, it is expected to further improve the functionality, improve nutritional quality and provide an alternative maize-based ingredient. This study was carried out to determine the extent to which fermentation could influence the physico-chemical, functional and textural properties of nixtamalized maize. A 2 x 3 x 3 factorial experimental design with fermentation medium (water, coconut water), fermentation time (0, 24, 48 hours) and blends composition (0:100, 50:50, 100:0 steeped:nixtamalized maize) was performed. The blends were fermented for the specific times and analysed for pH, titratable acidity, water absorption, colour and texture. Traditional maize dough facilitated the …</text>
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                <text>Spontaneous lactic acid fermentation is an important process in cereal processing. It is applied to develop and enhance taste and flavour, modify texture and improve the microbial safety of foods. When applied with nixtamalization to maize, it is expected to further improve the functionality, improve nutritional quality and provide an alternative maize-based ingredient. This study was carried out to determine the extent to which fermentation could influence the physico-chemical, functional and textural properties of nixtamalized maize. A 2 x 3 x 3 factorial experimental design with fermentation medium (water, coconut water), fermentation time (0, 24, 48 hours) and blends composition (0:100, 50:50, 100:0 steeped:nixtamalized maize) was performed. The blends were fermented for the specific times and analysed for pH, titratable acidity, water absorption, colour and texture. Traditional maize dough facilitated the …</text>
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                <text>Effect of spontaneous fermentation and amylase-rich flour on the nutritive value, functional and viscoelastic properties of cowpea-fortified nixtamalized maize</text>
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                <text>Studies were conducted to evaluate the combined effects of spontaneous fermentation and amylase-rich flours (ARF) on some nutritive value, functional and viscoelastic properties of cowpea-fortified nixtamalized maize. A 2 × 3 × 3 factorial design, with fermentation medium, fermentation time and ARF level, was performed. The blends were fermented for the specific times and analysed for their titratable acidity, pH, water absorption capacity, viscoelastic properties, texture, protein and mineral content. Fermentation and ARF addition influenced titratable acidity, pH, water absorption, viscoelastic properties and texture of the cowpea-fortified nixtamalized maize. Addition of ARF decreased the viscoelastic properties, texture and pH of all the blends with a corresponding increase in acidity. Slight increases in protein and ash contents were noted with products fermented in coconut water, but ARF addition had only a …</text>
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