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                <text>Examination of State of Art Technology in Digital Television Transmission in Ghana: Case Study of Knet Limited</text>
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                <text>E Malcalm, BAD Agyemang</text>
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                <text>Digital Television Transmission (terrestrial, cable and satellite) is believed to be the way forward in television transmission, a paradigm shift from analogue television transmission. This study examined the state of art technology of digital television transmission and assessed Ghana readiness for the national switchover to the Digital Terrestrial Television platform (DTT), financial and technical challenges, and the need for Ghana to transition per International Telecommunication Union (ITU)-Geneva 2006 (GE06) agreement. To achieve these, qualitative research approach was adopted using case study since there is limited knowledge on this study by sampling (purposive and snowball) respondents to obtain data on Ghana DTT infrastructure, continuous development and transmission perspectives. The results obtained revealed Ghana has delayed significantly in transitioning from analogue to digital platform which was set for 17th June, 2015 per International Telecommunication Union (ITU) Geneva 2006 (GE06) agreement, with only 2 of the 42 transmission sites up at the time of this research, due to financial constraints, DTT project infrastructural variations (transmission mast and shelters), and unavailability of electricity to power the transmission sites. It also came to light that broadcasters could not harness the full benefits of DTT in form of reduced operational cost, signal quality, coverage etc. since most of the DTT sites are not up; intense educational campaign on digital terrestrial television broadcasting in Ghana is yet to commence and continuous development of DTT has been provided for with Ghana DTT platform being software upgradable …</text>
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                <text>Flattening the World-The Prospects for Fiber Optic Technology in Africa</text>
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                <text>In Africa, thechannels of communication are underdeveloped or inappropriate due to numerous factors. After independence from colonial rule, the lack of an adequate telecommunication infrastructure impeded nationaldevelopment in many African states. Untilthe 1980s, the principal means of communication were still newspapers, books, telephone, radio, and television. However, with thedevelopment of advanced technology, such as satellite and fiber optic networks, advances in the computer industry and the advent of theInternet, new forms of communication media are creating opportunities for African countries to develop their modern telecommunication infrastructure. This paper outlinesthe prospects for fiber optic technology in Africa. The paper defines fiber optic technology, how fiber optic networks function, and explains how different this technology is from other communication infrastructures. The researched …</text>
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                <text>Diffusion of information communication technology in selected Ghanaian schools</text>
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                <text>E Malcolm, Francis Godwyll</text>
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                <text>The rapid development in Information Communication and Technologies (ICTs) have made tremendous changes in the twenty-first century, as well as affected the demands of modern societies. Recognizing the impact of new technologies on the workplace and everyday life, today’s educational institutions try to restructure their educational programs and classroom facilities, in order to minimize the teaching and learning technology gap between developed and the developing countries. This restructuring process requires effective diffusion of technologies into existing context in order to provide learners with knowledge of specific subject areas, to promote meaningful learning and to enhance professional productivity (Tomei, 2005).&#13;
The use of Information Communication Technology (ICTs) in Ghanaian schools and African countries is generally increasing and dramatically growing (Tella &amp; Adeyinka, 2007). However, while there is a great deal of knowledge about how ICTs are being diffused and used in high schools in developed countries, there is not much information on how ICTs are being diffused and used by teachers in Ghanaian schools. There is also an assumption that there are wide gaps in the use of ICTs between rural and urban schools (Aduwa-Ogiegbaen &amp; Iyamu, 2005).</text>
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The chemistry of flavour development during cocoa processing and chocolate manufacture</text>
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                <text>E Ohene Afoakwa</text>
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                <text>School Feeding Programmes in Africa-Current Developments and Challenges</text>
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                <text>Cocoa and chocolate have been acclaimed for several years for their possible medicinal and health benefits. It is only recently, however, that some of these claims have been more clearly identified and studied. Recent epidemiological and clinical studies, for example, have shown that dietary supplementation with flavonoid-rich cocoa and chocolate may exert a protective effect on low-density lipoprotein (LDL) oxidation, which has been associated with a reduced risk of developing atherosclerosis. Some of the identified benefits of flavonoid-rich cocoa and chocolate include antioxidant properties, reduced blood pressure via the induction of nitric-oxide (NO)-dependent vasodilation in men, improved endothelial function, increased insulin sensitivity, decreased platelet activation and function, as well as modulated immune function and inflammation. Furthermore, chocolate has been reported to release phenylethylamine and serotonin into the human system, producing some aphrodisiac and mood-lifting effects. Since these claims could have implications for the consumption levels of cocoa and chocolate products on the global market, understanding the critical factors involved and their potential benefits are currently thought to be of great importance to consumers.</text>
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                <text>: Melamine Contamination of Infant Formula in China: The Causes, Food Safety Issues and Public Health Implications</text>
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                <text>E Ohene Afoakwa</text>
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                <text>Melamine-an industrial chemical-was recently found in infant formula in China but it has since spiralled to other food categories that use milk powder as an ingredient, such as chocolate, biscuits and eggs. As of September 21, 2008, a total of 52,857 cases of nephrolithiasis (and, in some instances, renal failure) had been reported in China linked to consumption of this contaminated powdered formula. There have been approximately 13,000 hospitalizations, and at least 4 deaths confirmed to date. The vast majority of illnesses involved children under the age of 3 years (82%&lt; 2 years; 17% 2-3 years; 0.8%&gt; 3 years; and no cases involved adults). The results of an investigation conducted in China indicated that Chinese-produced powdered infant formula was linked to these illnesses; no cases were associated with liquid infant formula. An investigation of powdered formulas was conducted nationally by China's General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine (AQSIQ) and revealed contaminant ion of powdered formulas produced by 22 companies. Test results conducted in China on samples of the powdered infant formula showed that they contained a wide range of concentrations (0.1 ppm to greater than 2,500 ppm melamine powder. In addition, other countries have reported detection of melamine in other product categories, such as confections and beverages. Generally, there are available analytical methods that can reliably detect a level of 1 ppm melamine in some food matrices.</text>
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                <text>https://scholar.google.com/citations?view_op=view_citation&amp;amp;hl=en&amp;amp;user=EZuX1N8AAAAJ&amp;amp;cstart=200&amp;amp;pagesize=100&amp;amp;citation_for_view=EZuX1N8AAAAJ:yRRszJvrVdAC</text>
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                <text>E Ohene Afoakwa</text>
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                <text>Nova Science Publishers, Inc.(2007).(Hardcover)</text>
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                <text>Acidification and starch behaviour during co-fermentation of cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) and soybean (Glycine max Merr) into gari, an African fermented food</text>
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                <text>E Ohene Afoakwa, JE Kongor, G Amponsah, R Adjonu</text>
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                <text>Changes in acidification and starch behaviour were investigated during co-fermentation of cassava and soybean into gari, an African fermented product. Non-volatile acidity, pH and starch content were evaluated using standard analytical methods. Starch breakdown and pasting characteristics were also analysed using a Brabender viscoamylograph. Fermentation caused significant variations in the pH, non-volatile acidity and starch concentration. The pH decreased with concomitant increases in non-volatile acidity during co-fermentation of the cassava dough. Soy fortification up to 20% caused only minimal effects on the pH, titratable acidity and starch content during the fermentation period. Starch content decreased from 69.8% to 60.4% within the 48 h fermentation time in the unfortified sample, with similar trends noted at all levels of fortification. Starch pasting characteristics showed varied trends in pasting temperature, peak viscosity, viscosity at 95_C and at 50_C-hold with increasing fermentation time and soybean concentration. Cassava could be co-fermented with soybean up to 20% concentration during gari processing without significant effect on its process and product quality characteristics.</text>
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                <text>2010</text>
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                <text>https://scholar.google.com/citations?view_op=view_citation&amp;amp;hl=en&amp;amp;user=EZuX1N8AAAAJ&amp;amp;cstart=100&amp;amp;pagesize=100&amp;amp;citation_for_view=EZuX1N8AAAAJ:52neCvzbxIwC</text>
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                <text>Encyclopedia of Biotechnology in Agriculture and Food</text>
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                <text>E Ohene Afoakwa, P Alistair</text>
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                <text>Taylor &amp; Francis Publishing Inc.(2010).</text>
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                <text>https://scholar.google.com/citations?view_op=view_citation&amp;hl=en&amp;user=EZuX1N8AAAAJ&amp;cstart=100&amp;pagesize=100&amp;citation_for_view=EZuX1N8AAAAJ:8EvVLpklxGMC</text>
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