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                <text>Purpose&#13;
The extant literature posits several claims about the equitable resources allocation through compliance in public procurement management. Notwithstanding, there are hardly any empirical studies that explore the link between the causes and extent of compliance on one hand and value for money (VfM) on the other hand. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the efficacy of public procurement laws in ensuring VfM in a developing country context.&#13;
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                <text>This book was inspired by the many conversations we had with Dr. Nuray&#13;
Buyucek during her doctoral research at Social Marketing @ Griffith. Nuray,&#13;
following the completion of her PhD, embarked on a career in government,&#13;
and her work commitments did not allow her to continue working with us&#13;
to bring her concept for this book to reality. We would like to acknowledge&#13;
Nuray’s contribution in the process of converting our conversations into a book&#13;
proposal. Further, we would like to thank staff at Routledge for creating the&#13;
opportunity for us to deliver this book. Your enthusiasm for our idea and&#13;
support from the first conversation over a year ago made our work much easier.&#13;
We also want to acknowledge the work of the reviewers who each patiently&#13;
provided their constructive feedback on every chapter – it is possible to deliver&#13;
books like this one only because of our supportive colleagues who are always&#13;
willing to give us a few hours of their time so that we and all contributing&#13;
authors can benefit from your expertise and experience. Finally, this book&#13;
would not be possible without hard work and dedication of all contributing&#13;
authors, who willingly shared their knowledge of stakeholder involvement in&#13;
social marketing programmes</text>
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                <text>Employee stress has been explored extensively. However, there remain a dearth of scholarship on how leadership, specifically authentic leadership, helps to reduce employee stress levels in crises, such as the COVID-19 pandemic, in emerging economies, and to ensure employee wellness and performance using the social exchange theory. Using exploratory qualitative design and thematic analysis, data from 32 interviews with public sector employees in Ghana were analysed. Findings demonstrate that authentic leaders exhibit such characteristics as honesty, accountability, self-regulation, relational transparency, objective analysis of information, and valuing followers' contributions to arrive at decisions. These characteristics relate positively to employee job performance, wellness, and stress management.</text>
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                <text>Following the notion that transformational leadership is a solution to many leadership problems and creates valuable positive change in followers, this study examined emotional Intelligence as a precursor of transformational leadership among nursing professionals in Ghana. The overall as well as the individual effects of the sub-dimensions of emotional intelligence on a leader’s exhibition of transformational leadership behavior were examined. Evidence of such links would be considerable for Ghanaian healthcare providers in their quest to find potential nurse leaders to train, so as not to dwell highly on the seniority criterion in the selection of leaders. Thus, 80 leaders and their corresponding subordinates were selected conveniently. A quantitative approach of research was used and a detailed statistical analysis revealed that, nurse leaders from the selected hospitals exhibited an average transformational leadership behavior. Also, others’ emotion appraisal, a subdimension of the emotional intelligence construct had the most variance in transformational leadership behavior. Based on the findings, when leaders are trained to be emotionally intelligent and the skills are fostered, they are more likely to exhibit transformational leadership behaviors which will further result in organizational effectiveness and follower satisfaction. Recommendations, Limitations and areas for further studies were discussed.</text>
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                <text>This study examines leadership style on employee performance in the Public Sector of Ghana. The research used mixed method approach with descriptive linear regression method to determine the effect of leadership styles on employee performance. The full range leadership styles of transformational, transactional and laissez faire were considered with employee performance of In-Role Performance (IRP) and Organizational Citizenship Behavior (OCB). The population of the study is comprised of all the 921 staffs of the Ghana Atomic Energy Commission (GAEC). Simple random sampling as well as purposive and convenience sampling techniques were used in this research. Three questionnaires were used to collect data on leadership style and employee performance both quantitatively and qualitatively. SPSS software was used to calculate simple linear regressions to test the hypothesis. Themes were also developed from the interview transcriptions. The results from both analysis show that all the leadership styles do not have any effect on employee performance. However, the leaders were found to be exhibiting a mixture of transformational and transactional leadership attributes.</text>
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                <text>Diversity and Employee Engagement in the 21st Century Organisation: A Focus on Inclusive Leadership</text>
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                <text>Globalisation has affected the work environment, leading to an increase in the workforce. Workforce diversity describes ways employees differ by way of values, beliefs, experiences, backgrounds, preferences, and behaviours. While organisational success depends on effective management of its workforce by leaders, the adoption of appropriate leadership style, like inclusive leadership, has become one of the strategic mechanisms to manage the diverse workforce in the 21st century organisation. Inclusive leadership, a relational leadership style, tends to be open, accessible, available, self-aware, committed, collaborative and culturally intelligent. Premised on social exchange theory, these unique characteristics make the diverse subordinates of inclusive leaders feel valued and reciprocate by being dedicated, absorbed, and working with vigour. The chapter advocates for inclusive leadership style as the preferred …</text>
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                <text>E Malcolm, Francis Godwyll</text>
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                <text>The rapid development in Information Communication and Technologies (ICTs) have made tremendous changes in the twenty-first century, as well as affected the demands of modern societies. Recognizing the impact of new technologies on the workplace and everyday life, today’s educational institutions try to restructure their educational programs and classroom facilities, in order to minimize the teaching and learning technology gap between developed and the developing countries. This restructuring process requires effective diffusion of technologies into existing context in order to provide learners with knowledge of specific subject areas, to promote meaningful learning and to enhance professional productivity (Tomei, 2005).&#13;
The use of Information Communication Technology (ICTs) in Ghanaian schools and African countries is generally increasing and dramatically growing (Tella &amp; Adeyinka, 2007). However, while there is a great deal of knowledge about how ICTs are being diffused and used in high schools in developed countries, there is not much information on how ICTs are being diffused and used by teachers in Ghanaian schools. There is also an assumption that there are wide gaps in the use of ICTs between rural and urban schools (Aduwa-Ogiegbaen &amp; Iyamu, 2005).</text>
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                <text>Theresa Obuobisa-Darko</text>
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                <text>The United States has had a long association with labor unions. Among the pioneers was the National Association of Letter Carriers, which lobbied Congress to pass an 8-h workday in 1888. Unions were also responsible for passing important legislation such as the Lloyd-La Follette Act (1912), the Retirement Act (1920), and the Classification Act (1923), which supported employee rights. These and other laws demonstrate the importance of labor unions in personnel management. Overall, unions are tasked with negotiating for better wages and benefits. In addition, unions work toward the elimination of arbitrariness in employer actions. Although organizing has benefits to employees, there are also consequences for unionization. Primarily, unions tend to drive up organizational costs and frequently cause disruptions, especially if they resort to work stoppage and strikes. Strikes have had the tendency to lower public …</text>
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