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                <text>“Implications of Cloud Computing On Non-Governmental Organizations”  “…Issues Of Data Sharing And Security”. &#13;
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.&#13;
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                <text>Bakaweri Batowise Emmanuel</text>
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                <text> MSc. Management Information Systems</text>
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                <text>Ghana Technology University College</text>
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                <text>Dr. Ezer Osie Yeboah-Boateng</text>
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                <text>Non-governmental organizations operating within the Ghanaian community continue to play a pivotal role in addressing the disparity between rural and urban areas. The activities of these organizations are multifaceted and seen in the various projects or programs that they undertake. Globally the use of information technology tools and applications presents various added benefits to any organization that choose to apply and effectively utilize these tools. At a time when the global call for open data and collaboration between such organizations is highest, NGOs continue to deploy high capital expensive IT infrastructures to meet this purpose as well as the technological needs of their organizations. In addition to these high setup costs, organizations constantly have to monitor, repair and guard these computing systems from security and data breeches. Today cloud computing has been hyped as a feature technology that is being adopted by SMEs and larger corporate organizations as a major enabler of business functions. Although this new paradigm is considered to be in its developmental stages, the recorded benefits have invariable challenged the traditional aspects of computing services among enterprises. This study seeks to encourage the adoption and utilization of cloud technologies for business operations and data sharing among NGOs. More specifically, the study sought to investigate the levels of adoption and utilization of cloud services among various NGOs, benefits and risks that implementers of this technology are likely to encounter in its implementation as well as industry’s practices for mitigating these risks. The results of the study showed that although most individuals alluded to being familiar with the concept of cloud computing, the levels of adoption and utilization of the technology among the larger NGO community was found to be low. From perusal of literary sources, it was also established that cloud adopters spend less on IT architectures that suit their business needs through rapid and easy provisioning of these service, flexibility in scaling up or down IT resources, disaster recovery, data security as well as increased productivity through collaboration. Cloud computing’s risks pertinent to data security, confidentiality, availability; service level agreements, segregation and reliability were also recognized. In conclusion, the study recommends further sensitization and education about cloud computing’s benefits to encourage its adoption and use by NGOs. Likely adopters of this technology are also advised to ensure the development of good holistic service level agreements to prevent legal issues that may arise from implementing cloud and for a smooth cloud experience.</text>
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                <text>The study was conducted in the Greater Accra Metropolis and Tema Metropolis of the Ghana Diagnosis Related Grouping (G-DRG) of the National Health Insurance Scheme (NHIS) to evaluate health care financing in Ghana a case of study of allocation of funds under the G-DRG&#13;
of the NHIS in Accra. A content validated questionnaire and interview sections were used to seek relevant information from appropriate facility managers and scheme managers who matter in the NHIS.&#13;
The study employed descriptive research as its research design. The target population for the study was 134 government and private hospitals sampled from about 250 government and private hospitals within Accra and Tema Metropolis. The researcher adopted purposive and simple random sampling techniques to sample the target population which comprise of clinics, Polyclinics and Primary Hospital, Secondary Hospitals, Tertiary Hospital, Pharmacies and the Research, Policy and Monitoring and Evaluation Directorate of the NHIS. Statistical Package for&#13;
Social Science (SPSS) was used to analyze data collected and findings presented via descriptive analysis and bar chat, tables, pie chat and figures.&#13;
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Finally the study observed that, financial sustainability of the scheme was a challenge to the scheme. The study recommended that, it is important for NHIA which is a regulated body, to make it a point to review drug prices to reflect the market changing prices.</text>
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