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                <text>In the wake of the global pandemic (COVID-19) and restrictions on human-to-human contacts, higher education institutions have turned to e-learning as a solution to keep teaching and learning going. Indeed, aside from allowing the continuation of education during situations like that, the other argument supporting e-learning is because of its social constructivist pedagogy and effective self-regulated learning. However, the claim of self-regulated learning in the context of e-learning has not empirically been validated. Thus, based on responses from 116 individuals, using a mixed-method approach, we sought to evaluate the effect of the use of the Learning Management System on students' self-regulated learning. Our findings indicate that despite the advantages of convenience and access to materials provided, the system did not appear to regulate students learning with significant challenges of unreliable internet connectivity, lack of key functionalities and features ultimately impeding optimal use. The study discusses these findings and draws implications for theory and practice.</text>
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                <text>The study investigated the relationship between perceived organizational support and organizational outcomes among nurses of selected mission hospitals in Ghana. Compared with Public Sector hospitals, Mission hospitals in Ghana operate with very limited resources. Thus, they have very little to incentivize their staff. Nonetheless, there is the general assumption that employers who demonstrate generous disposition towards their employees will reap reciprocal benefits. Such employees work beyond the job demands even in periods of serious financial difficulties. Phenomenology research design under the qualitative research method was used to find answers to the research questions. A sample size of 40 was drawn through purposive sampling technique from five selected Mission Hospitals in Bono and Bono East Regions of Ghana. Data collection tools used in the study were interview and observation. The data analysis went through compiling, disassembling, reassembling, interpreting and concluding, phases. The text was sorted based on predefined themes. Illustrative words from the original field notes were selected and placed in a table. Initial (level 1) codes mimicked the original information in the case of semantic coding process and, in the case of latent coding, meanings imbedded in the text were generated; this was presented in a form of discourse analysis. When the perceptible index of employees is made up of benevolence, care and celebration; when employees perceive employers who are concerned about their goals and values, and are willing to help them when they need special favour, they become a part of the …</text>
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                <text>An Item Response Model for Understanding Item Non-response in Ghanaian Surveys</text>
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                <text>Survey research has been widely used in public opinion research in Ghana. Ghanaian researchers are happy about data richness and they are also concerned about data quality. In this paper Item Response Theory (IRT) has been used to identify the most appropriate IRT model for understanding item. The techniques are appropriate and practical. A questionnaire data on Ghana collected in the 5th wave of the World Values Survey was used for the analysis. The five categories of survey questions that are most difficult to answer by respondents were Life Related Questions, Value Related Questions, Political Related Questions, Income Related Questions and Democracy Related Questions. Missing or ‘don’t know’responses were assigned a 0 score, and 1 was assigned to answered items. The data was analysed based on four IRT models namely, the constrained Rasch model, the unconstrained Rasch model, the two parameter logistic model, and the three parameter logistic model. These models were explored to determine the most appropriate model for the data. In this paper, the unconstrained Rasch model emerged as the best model for understanding item non-response. We found that, income related questions had the highest difficulty parameter, hence the most difficult category of survey questions to answer. It was also found that, if an individual does not answer a survey question or give a ‘don’t know’answer, it is not only because of the question’s difficulty but also because the respondent doesn’t want to answer.</text>
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