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                <text>Miniaturized monopole planar antennas operating in the VHF/UHF band applied for Digital Video Broadcasting and mobile communication have gained research interest due to their low-profile, compact, and wideband nature. This antenna is capable of penetrating surfaces more easily, faster and can broadcast larger data because it operates in the wideband. The challenge of designing an antenna small enough to be adopted for Digital Video Broadcasting in handheld devices with capabilities of covering the DVB wideband and at the same time omnidirectional, with enough gain, good impedance coefficient which translates into efficiency is the drive of this paper. The proposed antenna in this paper is a rectangular patch with two large slots created in its radiating surface and extension on its edges for wider bandwidth and better matching. It employs a modified ground plane that uses coupling to achieve low return loss. CST microwave studio software was used for the simulation and optimization. The characteristics and simulated results are analyzed before the prototype structure is fabricated on an FR-4 substrate. A monopole planar antenna with total dimensions of 185× 45× 1.6 mm3 with an omnidirectional radiation pattern in the H-plane is fabricated and the results are presented. The antenna has high impedance bandwidth characteristics with operating frequency at-10 dB return loss from 470 MHz to 900 MHz and about 63% bandwidth efficiency. It has a VSWR ratio of less than 2. The significance of the various sections of the antenna together with the simulated and fabricated results is presented. It shows a suitable antenna with a wide …</text>
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                <text>tudies on seasonal changes in stream structure and its effect on habitat quality, distribution, abundance and biomass of stream fishes in Ghana is limited. Understanding seasonal changes in stream habitat structure and adaptive responses of fish populations is essential for stream protection and conservation of stream ecosystems and their resident fish populations. Seasonal changes in stream structure, physicochemical characteristics and fish community structure were investigated in an urban stream in Sunyani, Ghana. Data was collected monthly from November 2016 to November 2017 at upstream, midstream and downstream sites. High spatial heterogeneity and temporal variability in stream structure affected by the dry and wet seasonal cycles was observed. Twelve species of fish belonging to eight families and ten genera were recorded, with catfishes dominating community biomass. The diet pattern of fish species differentiated the community into herbivore, piscivore and omnivore trophic levels. Herbivores were most abundant and consumed a wide range of plantbased food. Fish habitats disappeared and mortality increased upstream and midstream during the dry season. However, the downstream habitat persisted as a result of the unique morphology which resulted in a relatively deep depth, large canopy cover and presence of water lettuce Pistia stratiotes which minimized water loss. Water quality did not differ significantly across the stream in all seasons. Higher water clarity downstream cooccurred with Pistia proliferation along with elevated fish biomass during the dry season. Stream structure, rather than physicochemical …</text>
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                <text>In 1991 and 1992, Kpandai and its environs in present-day Kpandai District in Northern Ghana were enmeshed in a violent inter-ethnic conflict between the Gonja and the Nawuri over allodial land rights. War broke out between the two ethnic groups in April 1991, June 1991 and May 1992. Prior to the conflict, many pre-emptive security measures were implemented to de-escalate the tension. The government also deplored a Police-Military Task Force to Kpandai and its environs to provide security disarm the combatants and maintain law and order. Similarly, measures were undertaken to de-escalate and bring an end to hostilities in the Salaga area when the conflict was extended to the vicinity in 1992 and 1994. The Police and Military peacekeepers showed professionalism as they remained neutral and used subtle measures such as firing warning shots to scare off combatants, disarming the warring factions, seizing arms, and dialoguing with the warring factions to bring an end to hostilities. Nevertheless, the peacekeepers found it difficult to contain, de-escalate and reduce the intensity of the conflict. This paper provides a perspective on security arrangements in the Nawuri-Gonja conflict. By assessing the security measures before, during and after the conflict, the paper argues that the measures were largely unsuccessful.</text>
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                <text>https://scholar.google.com/citations?view_op=view_citation&amp;amp;hl=en&amp;amp;user=FihyGVkAAAAJ&amp;amp;citation_for_view=FihyGVkAAAAJ:YsMSGLbcyi4C</text>
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