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                <text>How and why refugees might change their ICT&#13;
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                <text>Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) have become part of everyone's’ lives and imagining&#13;
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great importance in this thesis, are used for contacting friends and families, gathering news but also as a&#13;
tool for organizing a getaway. Therefore this bachelor thesis aims to answer the research question “How&#13;
and why refugees might change their ICT behaviour when migrating to Europe?”. Until now, this&#13;
questions has not been answered in the literature. Previous studies only focussed on the ICT use at the&#13;
specific location of migrants and refugees (in their home countries, en route or in their host societies),&#13;
examined the impact on ICT on social integration or treated the media discourse about refugees, for&#13;
example, on Facebook.&#13;
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different nationalities in two refugee centers in Düsseldorf, Germany, asking them about their individual&#13;
ICT behaviour in their countries of origin, en route and in Germany. Based on the method of discourse&#13;
analysis, the interviews reveal that the mobile phone as well as social media platforms are of great&#13;
importance for refugees as they enable them to take part in their loved ones lives despite the&#13;
geographical distances. On the other hand refugees did not changed their ICT behaviour now living in&#13;
Germany compared to their home country, the purpose, however, did changed.</text>
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                <text>Covid-19: Study of Online Teaching,&#13;
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                <text>Te situation caused by the Covid-19 global crisis has led universities to make&#13;
abrupt and immediate changes to continue training their students virtually&#13;
(Bao, 2020). Universities have had to urgently adapt their strategies to respond&#13;
to the crisis since the beginning of the epidemic to carry on with their daily&#13;
tasks efciently (Ali, 2020; Kieu et al., 2020).</text>
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                <text>THE EFFECT OF SERVICE INNOVATION ON&#13;
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                <text>Service Innovation is a topic that has become relatively popular in recent years&#13;
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this study is to identify and understand the effect Service Innovation has on the&#13;
Customer satisfaction through constructs like service quality and perceived brand&#13;
value. The study used quantitative research method in order to collect data from the&#13;
convenience sample. The data was collected from two different countries, thus&#13;
cultural values and differences have been compared. The results from the study&#13;
suggest that service innovation has a positive and direct effect on the Service&#13;
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Satisfaction. Another factor revealed is the culture and the study emphasizes its&#13;
importance and effect on the final results of the research.&#13;
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to customer satisfaction, and finally to contribute to the marketing literature. </text>
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                <text>[Abstract] The research seeks to gain qualitative insights into channel structure and conflict management&#13;
of leading multinational companies operating in Ghana. A case-study approach was adopted for this study.&#13;
Data was gathered and analyzed qualitatively through interviews of managers of five multinational firms&#13;
in Ghana. The companies were found to be practicing a three-level channel system, a combination of&#13;
exclusive and intensive distribution strategies and a partial integration, thus limiting their control of the&#13;
chain of distribution. The managements of the case companies have adopted some measures to mitigate&#13;
the conflict-prone zones, which, in most cases, are not yielding the desired result of consolidating their&#13;
channel operations. This research may have limited generalizability to all multinationals. The major&#13;
contribution of this paper is that it helps in drawing out key issues of channel structure and conflict&#13;
management in a developing economy context. </text>
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                <text>This study investigates the Ghanaian retail sector, with particular focus on shopping malls and the behaviour of their patrons i.e. the shoppers. The study reveals eight (8) key mall visitation motivations and five (5) key shop attributes that attract Ghanaian shoppers. Escapism influences the shoppers most, followed by pleasure flow, safety, aesthetic and architectural leisure, respectively. The least motivational factor is exploration. The result suggests that shoppers in Ghana are most likely to see the mall as an escape route from their daily hectic conditions, a place for relaxation. This study has demonstrated that, the retailing environment of the mall can be best understood by studying the characteristics of the tri-components i.e. shoppers, shop, and mall as all activities and behaviour at the mall are inextricably intertwined. Though the study seeks to investigate the behaviour of patrons of shopping malls in the developing economies within the sub-Saharan Africa, the findings are based on shoppers in Ghana. Therefore care must be taken in applying the findings to other developing economies due to differences in culture.</text>
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                <text>Published Online:1 Jan 2012https://hdl.handle.net/10520/EJC128581&#13;
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                <text>Social media has been described as having the potential to enhance the delivery of e-government services. The chapter relies on examples of social media use in providing e-government services in South Africa, Ghana, Kenya, Morocco, Rwanda and Nigeria. From the literature, the chapter found that social media provides a convenient and effective ways for governments to communicate with citizens on e-government services. Social media enables citizens to gain access to e-government sites and facilitates engagement with users of e-government services. The use of government portals to provide e-government services can be augmented with social media accounts providing communications about the services and serving as an avenue to engage the public about e-government services. This chapter makes a strong case for integrating e-government portals with social media accounts in the African public sector.&#13;
&#13;
 This is a preview of subscriptio</text>
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                <text>The adoption and use of social media is influenced in part by the prevailing political environment. The use of social media in Africa is fraught with some challenges due to the lack of political will, and sometimes opposition from some government institutions. The chapter provides the reasons why social media is viewed as anti-democratic within the African socioeconomic context. Some of the toxic factors have been found to include the promotion of misinformation, fake news, hate speech, and voter manipulation. The chapter also provides some examples of social media ban in Africa supervised by governments that perceive the technology as destructive. This chapter as well advocates for the promotion of social media because of its democracy-deepening function and concludes that social media must be promoted to develop democracy on the African continent</text>
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                <text>Customer service management is one of the key pillars of today’s business environment. Businesses operating in sub-Saharan Africa and other frontier markets have begun to embrace the concept of customer service management, with many incorporating the notion into their mission statements–with many forward-thinking companies transitioning from a transactional to a more strategic view of the customer. As customers have evolved and transformed from" passive audiences" to" active players" businesses are moving away from" the old industry model that sees value as created from goods and services to a new model where value is created by experiences". Today, businesses and customers create value through customised, co-produced offerings. This co-creation of value helps firms highlight the customer’s or consumer’s point of view and improve the front-end process of identifying customers’ needs. Given the increasing recognition of the customer as a co-creator of value, perceptions of customer service quality during COVID-19 and afterwards matter to businesses in Africa looking to thrive in a new post-COVID era since customers increasingly face several choices in the bid to access consumer products and services. This book consists of seven chapters beginning with an overview detailing the importance of customer service matters to Africa’s development and ending with a discussion of the future directions for enhanced customer service delivery in Africa. Each chapter in this book includes actual customer service and delivery practices from various countries on the African continent, including Egypt, Ghana, and South Africa, and …</text>
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                <text>Hospitality and Tourism Marketing: Building Customer Driven Hospitality and Tourism Organizations is an absolutely crucial book in light of the world post COVID-19. Following the pandemic, big hotel chains like the Accor Group and Marriot closed outlets, but post COVID-19, the global hospitality and tourism sector is bouncing back. In bouncing back though, the pandemic brought to the fore the absolute need for high levels of customer centricity in a world that was gripped by fear. This new Hospitality and Tourism (H&amp;T) Marketing book takes a customer-oriented approach to discussing marketing discipline in the global H&amp;T sector. With chapters spanning topics like service characteristics of hospitality and tourism marketing, people management strategies for service businesses, consumer behaviour, designing and building brands, electronic marketing, internet marketing, database marketing, and direct marketing and relationship marketing, this book has the right balance of technology and consumer-oriented topics to provide the right balance for tourism marketing practitioners post pandemic.</text>
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                <text>Hospitality and Tourism Marketing: Building Customer Driven Hospitality and Tourism Organizations is an absolutely crucial book in light of the world post COVID-19. Following the pandemic, big hotel chains like the Accor Group and Marriot closed outlets, but post COVID-19, the global hospitality and tourism sector is bouncing back. In bouncing back though, the pandemic brought to the fore the absolute need for high levels of customer centricity in a world that was gripped by fear. This new Hospitality and Tourism (H&amp;T) Marketing book takes a customer-oriented approach to discussing marketing discipline in the global H&amp;T sector. With chapters spanning topics like service characteristics of hospitality and tourism marketing, people management strategies for service businesses, consumer behaviour, designing and building brands, electronic marketing, internet marketing, database marketing, and direct marketing and relationship marketing, this book has the right balance of technology and consumer-oriented topics to provide the right balance for tourism marketing practitioners post pandemic.</text>
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