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                <text>International organizations have emphasized the importance of global economies supporting efforts to combat climate change. The Paris Agreement or Agenda 2050 urges nations to ensure that the increase in global temperature is limited to 1.5 °C. Studies have analyzed the factors that contribute to harmful emissions, particularly carbon dioxide emissions, in order to limit temperature rise. However, since there are other equally harmful pollutants, this study evaluates the impact of financial inclusion and green investment on reducing greenhouse gas emissions. The study uses data from West Africa, where environmental pollution has significantly increased. The study employed regression analysis while controlling for economic growth, foreign direct investment (FDI), and energy consumption. The study's key findings reveal that financial inclusion and green investment have a monotonic effect on reducing …</text>
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                <text>Regulators and monetary institutions over the period have used various recapitalisation reforms to promote stability within the banking fraternity. The fallout of the global financial crisis in 2007 has confirmed the inadequacy of these reforms and same has led to many reforms within the banking space particularly on the matter of bank recapitalisation. Recapitalisation entails increasing the capital stock of an organisation either in equity or debt components in order to achieve a desired capital structure, - optimum capital structure. In the context of banking, recapitalisation is a regulatory tool that results in a bank securing a long term capital stock by altering its capital structure substantially through the use of equity funding. This regulatory tool is aimed at providing additional cash cover to support a bank’s operations in a given economy. Prior to the year 2008, the Bank of Ghana had caused banks to increase their capital levels in smaller lots to achieve some desired levels. The Bank of Ghana in February 14, 2008, the Bank of Ghana directed banks in Ghana; Foreign Controlled Banks (FCBs) and Domestic Controlled Banks (DCBs) to shore up their capital levels to attain a minimum recapitalisation threshold of GH¢60 million (equivalent to USD 30 million) by December 2009 and December 2012 respectively. Subsequent to the 2012 recapitalisation deadline, there have since been two other directives on bank recapitalisation by the Bank of Ghana with the recent one being the new recapitalised amount of GH¢400 million (equivalent to USD $85 million) to be attained by all banks come 31st December 2018. The 2008 recapitalisation policy was the major recapitalisation reform the Ghanaian banking industry had experienced at the time and same gave the researcher the pleasure to measure the impact of such an exercise on bank performances and whether or not the recapitalisation exercise has achieved its desired outcomes, recapitalisation motives. The 2008 recapitalisation reform was also to enable banks undertake big ticket transactions in the economy, be able to absorb losses and also to improve the overall performance of these banks.&#13;
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                <text>Uncertainties and risks continue to pose a threat to governance and internal control, impeding public sector modernization and essential service delivery. Attempts to develop alternative strategies to meet desired results in highly bureaucratic institutional environments such as the public sector are intensifying because ideas and principles matter. This study advances informal" soft control" as a substitute for formal" hard control" in four dimensions:(a) creates a clear difference between" soft" and" hard" control;(b) designs key determinants of informal" soft" control;(c) limitations of formal" hard" control; and (d) a conceptual framework and hypotheses to support future empirical research and “operationalization” of the proposed constructs. Critical observations imply that the increasing cases of corporate malpractice and consequential non-alignments with best practises in recent times are sufficient evidence to suggest that formal control is incapable of mitigating financial crimes, irregularities, and preventing complex accounting scandals classified as white-collar fraud. The causes of these control failures are attributed to overreliance on" hard control" which primarily works with sanctions and the neglect of informal control mechanisms" soft controls". This condition has limited the ability of auditors to uncover systematic failures of controls that are process-specific, resulting in a partial and incomplete evaluation of internal controls. The study assumed a theoretical approach due to the lack of existing empirical research on “soft control”. However, this observations form a solid theoretical foundation for further discussions. We argue that" tone at the top," …</text>
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