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                <text>Corporate social responsibility reporting of banks operating in Ghana</text>
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                <text>This study seeks to track corporate social responsibility (CSR) reporting of local and foreign banks in Ghana from 2010-2014 financial year ends. Employing a qualitative approach, data used were only annual reports sourced from selected banksâ€™ websites. We found that all selected banks reported more external than internal disclosures. Concerning internal disclosures, only one foreign bank reported product and customer initiatives whiles one local and four foreign banks reported human resource initiatives. External disclosures reported uneven community involvement and environmental focus among the selected banks. Health, education, and sports development dominate CSR initiatives and disclosure in Ghanaâ€™s banking industry.</text>
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                <text>https://ajobe.journals.ac.za/pub/article/view/146</text>
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                <text>The Creative Industries and International Business Development in Africa</text>
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                <text>Fashion, Gaming and Digital (including Animation). Key areas include SDGs,&#13;
Fashionomics, Photography and Photojournalism. There are also higher education institutions such as the Nollywood Centre at the Pan Atlantic University&#13;
(Lagos, Nigeria) and the Janet Centre at University of Pretoria (South Africa).&#13;
This appendix highlights some of the developments in the creative industries&#13;
space on the continent.</text>
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                <text>Examining the link between social capital, knowledge quality, SMEs innovativeness and performance</text>
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                <text>The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between some elements of social capital, knowledge quality,&#13;
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managers of SME exporters in Ghana. Structural Equation Modeling was used for the data analysis. The results indicate&#13;
that the elements of social capital facilitate access to quality knowledge which consequently improves SMEs’ innovativeness. The study also shows that SMEs’ innovativeness affects their export performance.</text>
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                <text>universities are growing more quickly than the government’s capacity to fnance&#13;
these institutions (Iruonagbe et al., 2015; Olaleye et al., 2020).&#13;
Beyond the university itself, there are challenges with internet penetration&#13;
and power supply. As many people must use the internet for online teaching&#13;
and learning, poor internet connections pose a problem. Internet penetration&#13;
in Nigeria stood at 42% in January 2020, and the average speed of mobile&#13;
internet connections was 15.32 Mbps compared to the United Kingdom with&#13;
35.57 Mbps and Australia with 67.66 Mbps; in addition, 96% of mobile connections in Nigeria are prepaid (DataReportal, 2021). Countries in emerging&#13;
economies also have an average speed of 10  Mbps (Hannata, 2019). Te&#13;
fnancial implications of using the internet are also an issue, as many people&#13;
may have to buy more data to engage with teaching and learning.&#13;
Te power supply in these countries poses a challenge that may afect the&#13;
teaching and delivery of lectures. Te World Energy Outlook special report&#13;
recognises the persistent lack of access to electricity, and the unreliability of&#13;
electricity supplies in emerging countries, including in the continent of Africa.&#13;
Tis lack of access is a factor that is inhibiting the progress and development&#13;
of the continent, as there are over 600 million people in Africa who do not&#13;
have access to electricity (IEA, 2019) and 350 million people in developing&#13;
Asia (Cozzi et al., 2018). While Africa has 20% of the world’s population, it&#13;
accounts for less than 4% of global electricity use (Te Economist, 2019).&#13;
Tis lack of access to electricity also provides challenges for universities, staf&#13;
and students who may want to adopt online teaching. Tis is a peculiar challenge for emerging countries that may not apply in more developed locations.&#13;
Urbanisation, growing populations and economic conditions pose other&#13;
challenges that are peculiar to emerging countries (Alhumaid et al., 2020).&#13;
Even in many developed countries, there are still disadvantaged students from&#13;
various backgrounds, including minority ethnic groups, and low-income,&#13;
migrant and indigenous families, who have not beneftted from the internet&#13;
and new technologies (Ng &amp; Graham, 2018). If some individuals are still&#13;
disadvantaged in developed countries, there are many more deprived students&#13;
in emerging ones. Ho and Lau (2018) recognised the impact of the home&#13;
literacy environment on student engagement including the educational levels&#13;
of parents; the sociocultural and economic conditions of these countries also&#13;
pose additional challenges. Tere are concerns around parents’ abilities to&#13;
support their children, and the availability of a conducive studying environment at home, especially when people live in high-density areas (Ijadunola&#13;
et al., 2019; Rotas &amp; Cahapay, 2020). Importantly, in emerging countries,&#13;
parents also have lower literacy levels.</text>
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                <text>https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Varsha-Jain-6/publication/358600114_Role_of_Culture_in_Developing_Transformative_Leadership_for_Higher_Education_in_Emerging_Economies/links/64a7acfcb9ed6874a501cd5e/Role-of-Culture-in-Developing-Transformative-Leadership-for-Higher-Education-in-Emerging-Economies.pdf#page=19</text>
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                <text>This chapter aims to provide an understanding of the factors that serve as catalysts for social media adoption by public sector firms in Africa. Using the Technology Organisation Environment (TOE) framework, this chapter explains how social media technology is adopted and used by public sector organisations in Africa. Social media adoption is an organisational context, and hence the TOE can best be used to understand the factors affecting the adoption of the technology. On the technological factors, African countries have the capability to fully use their technological capabilities to introduce all social media platforms. The crucial issue of concern is that public sector organisations must see social media as having potential benefits to promote communications. The external environmental factors involving pressure from government and citizens for public sector organisations to use social media is mainly due to the increasing use of the technology by citizens across Africa. In most African countries, governments have policies in place to take advantage of the enormous benefits of social media. This chapter argues that several organisational factors, including top management support, resource availability, and skilled human resource to sustain social media technologies are significant tonic factors that catalyse the adoption of social media by Africa’s public sector.</text>
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                <text>This chapter aims to provide an understanding of the factors that serve as catalysts for social media adoption by public sector firms in Africa. Using the Technology Organisation Environment (TOE) framework, this chapter explains how social media technology is adopted and used by public sector organisations in Africa. Social media adoption is an organisational context, and hence the TOE can best be used to understand the factors affecting the adoption of the technology. On the technological factors, African countries have the capability to fully use their technological capabilities to introduce all social media platforms. The crucial issue of concern is that public sector organisations must see social media as having potential benefits to promote communications. The external environmental factors involving pressure from government and citizens for public sector organisations to use social media is mainly due to the increasing use of the technology by citizens across Africa. In most African countries, governments have policies in place to take advantage of the enormous benefits of social media. This chapter argues that several organisational factors, including top management support, resource availability, and skilled human resource to sustain social media technologies are significant tonic factors that catalyse the adoption of social media by Africa’s public sector.</text>
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                <text>Value Co-creation of Places and Spaces in Africa’s Creative Hubs</text>
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                <text>This chapter provides case illustrations at the sub-regional creative hubs from East to West, and North to South Africa. Starting off with a broad overview of creative hubs – notably African Tech Hubs, and how they have been at the forefront of culture and innovation on the continent, the chapter moves on to discuss a few examples from the Co-Creation Hub in Lagos Nigeria to the South African Cultural Observatory, Starplace Hub and Playable City Lagos. A Sectoral Journey in other Places &amp; Spaces is also undertaken from the African Literature sub-sector to the Music and Fashion sub-sectors. Finally, a selection of Art Galleries and Cultural Centres such as The Bruce Onobrakpeya Foundation and the Nike Center for Art and Culture and the Dak’Art Biennial, Dakar, Senegal are highlighted alongside the Kó Art Space, Lagos, Nigeria.</text>
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                <text>Cultivating social capital:&#13;
an exploratory analysis of business&#13;
postgraduates in Ghana</text>
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                <text>Robert Ebo Hinson</text>
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                <text>Purpose – This paper, grounded on social capital and social networking theory, examines how postgraduate&#13;
students in Ghana cultivate and utilise social resources towards career development.&#13;
Design/methodology/approach – Following a qualitative study design, the authors recruited and&#13;
conducted interviews with postgraduate student-workers undertaking a two-year Master of Science in&#13;
International Business.&#13;
Findings – There was an active engagement and consciously pre-plan mobilisation of social resources and&#13;
utilisation of social resources among the postgraduates. Despite the diverse processes of social capital&#13;
development identified, four important key themes emerged underpinning social capital mobilisation and&#13;
utilisation: (1) the recognition of the importance of social capital acquisition, (2) the strong link between social&#13;
capital and individual successes in employment and business opportunities, (3) the importance of the utilisation&#13;
of social resources for emotional support and (4) the use of social capital to reinforce the individual social&#13;
identity and recognition of an individual’s worth.&#13;
Practical implications – The authors offer a theoretical and practical contribution with a frame of&#13;
understanding by demonstrating that there is more to social capital than economic gain.&#13;
Social implications – Unlike the findings from prior research in Africa, the strong institutional and cultural&#13;
conditions did not constrain the key force of education and employability as drivers in attainment and social&#13;
positioning. This is an interesting and positive finding from the research, especially in terms of the importance&#13;
of providing educational opportunities to overcome institutional and cultural barriers to workforce&#13;
participation and career development.&#13;
Originality/value – Social networks contribute to career success, and while the participants used social&#13;
networks that reinforced ethnic and religious bonds, there is the opportunity to develop networks through&#13;
other identity processes, especially education. Formal education imparts more than formal skills and&#13;
qualifications. It provides the opportunity to access networks that transcend personal identity such as ethnicity&#13;
and to get support for career development.&#13;
Keywords Social capital, Social networking, Higher education, Qualitative methods, Ghana&#13;
Paper type Research paper</text>
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                <text>Corporate Social Responsibility in Africa Robert Ebo&#13;
Hinson</text>
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                <text>Corporate social responsibility is increasingly becoming the ideal and approved mode&#13;
of sustaining good relations between corporate bodies and their surrounding&#13;
communities. The building of a strong relationship is essential for the simple reason that&#13;
a corporation’s ability to operate effectively is partly dependent upon the community’s&#13;
understanding of the corporations’ business activities, their acceptance and the&#13;
provision of a conducive environment for the corporation to operate (Du and Vieria&#13;
2012). However, there seems to be a disconnect between the perceptions of&#13;
communities’ desire from such social interventions and what has been provided in many&#13;
documented instances. Eventually, situations have occurred where the desired effects of&#13;
the initiatives by corporate bodies are almost non-existent in beneficiary communities.&#13;
This can be attributed to the apparent lack of well-established relationships and trust&#13;
between corporations and communities. Additionally, according to Kemp (2010), it is&#13;
conceptualised as a three-dimensional practice that involves: working for the company&#13;
to understand local community perspectives; bridging community and company&#13;
perspectives to generate dialogue and mutual understanding; and, facilitating necessary&#13;
organisational change to improve social performance.&#13;
In this direction, this special issue sought conceptual and empirical research on the&#13;
extractive industry that employs theories and frameworks which aid our understanding&#13;
of how relations are being brokered at the community level. This special issue comprises&#13;
three papers that address corporate social responsibility issues within different contexts&#13;
and industries including the tobacco industry, extractive industry, and the&#13;
telecommunication industry. This special issue contributes to the growing body of&#13;
knowledge on socially responsible behaviour and the links to community relations.&#13;
Wunpini Mohammed, Anli Xiao and Erica Hilton in their paper assess how&#13;
telecommunication companies in Ghana manage corporate social responsibility and&#13;
delved into the need for these companies to rethink, reassess and restructure their&#13;
corporate social responsibility to focus more marginalised communities in Ghana. Their&#13;
Hinson, Tsiboe-Darko, and Boateng&#13;
2&#13;
findings show that telecommunication companies in Ghana adopt democratic and&#13;
collectivist principles to implement their corporate social responsibility initiatives.&#13;
Furthermore, the results show that the telecommunication companies mostly align their&#13;
corporate social responsibility initiatives with the social socio-economic needs of the&#13;
communities they operate in. However, most of the initiatives the companies undertake&#13;
are philanthropic in nature which may have little long-term impacts on marginalised&#13;
communities.&#13;
Tatenda Nhapi examines the roles of the state and non-state duty bearers in ensuring&#13;
that the tobacco industry in Zimbabwe implements corporate social responsibility&#13;
implementation and improves natural resources management outcomes. The paper&#13;
explores the experiences of tobacco farming and its impacts such as the degradation of&#13;
natural resources in the tobacco farming communities. It points out the lack of proactive&#13;
corporate social responsibility programs by the tobacco companies to address the&#13;
degradation of natural resources in the tobacco farming communities. The paper&#13;
highlights the need for communities of practice approach to corporate social&#13;
responsibility implementation and natural resources management. The paper also argues&#13;
for the need for tobacco companies to redesign their corporate social responsibility&#13;
programs to focus on the tobacco farming community in order to transform the&#13;
communities. Furthermore, it calls for the tobacco companies to involve various&#13;
stakeholders including social workers, business enterprises, grassroots communities,&#13;
and the farmers in the implementation of corporate social responsibility initiatives.&#13;
Douglas Adeola and Ogechi Adeola study corporate social responsibility in the&#13;
extractive sector with a specific focus on Chevron Nigeria. The paper argues that&#13;
businesses that seek to act responsibly must ensure that they do not cause harm to the&#13;
communities they operate in. Such companies must show restraint in their quest for&#13;
profit and must ensure peaceful co-existence among all stakeholders including the&#13;
immediate communities and environment. The immediate communities must benefit&#13;
from the operations of the business. Furthermore, it argues that responsible businesses,&#13;
especially those in the extractive industry, must be structured, fair, transparent, sensitive&#13;
to the needs of the immediate communities, and ensure shared value.&#13;
We want to thank the authors, the reviewers and the editor in chief contributing to this&#13;
issue and making it a success. We hope that the issue will stimulate further research&#13;
interest in this area. </text>
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                <text>https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/02500167.2019.1698629</text>
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                  <text>Faculty of IT Business</text>
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          <element elementId="50">
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                <text>An Introduction to Responsible Management: A Corporate Social Responsibility, Green Marketing, and Sustainability Management Perspective</text>
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                <text>There are rising calls for the adoption of responsible management practices in virtually every economic sector of both developed and developing economies. Among others, efforts to promote responsible management have been championed by governments, international organisations, academic institutions, and industry regulators. In developing economies, such moves have spawned numerous success stories across diverse sectors such as energy, mining, manufacturing, and agriculture. Despite these glowing achievements, a plethora of challenges persist that threaten the sustainable development agenda. Against this backdrop, we address some crucial pathways for the sustainability logic and responsible management philosophy, as exemplified by contemporary practices across various sectors within the emerging markets context. We conceptualised responsible management as built on three pillars and examine the contribution of this triad of cognate concepts and practices: corporate social responsibility, green business, and sustainable management. We argue that social responsibility is pivotal to responsible management since it is imperative for corporations to consider the interests of multiple stakeholders, including employees, the society, the environment, future generations, and not only the interests of companies and investors. Akin to corporate social responsibility are sustainable management practices. We applaud current sustainability transitions concerning initiatives by businesses to drive meaningful and rewarding sustainability action. However, considering the upsurge of irresponsible and unsustainable business practices that harm the biosphere, needlessly kill wildlife, deplete natural resources, and destroy vegetation, the chapter explicates some specific ways in which businesses in emerging markets can drive green business initiatives from thought to finish, as expressed through green sourcing, green processing, green production, and green consumption practices. We also make recommendations regarding how governments, policymakers, and managers can support and embed the responsible management agenda in emerging markets. The chapter recommends that organisations must reimagine present-day sustainability actions by adopting innovative and sustainable initiatives such as reducing consumption, recycling, remanufacturing, reusing resources, and employing cutting-edge technology to monitor business processes across the entire value-chain from manufacturing to the end-user. At the micro level, we advocate that firm managers, entrepreneurs, and individuals must propel efforts in adopting responsible management practices. Finally, this chapter introduces the multisectoral chapters contained in the pages of this book, outline contributions to theory, and discuss practical managerial and policy implications.</text>
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                <text>2021</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="12820">
                <text>https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-030-76563-7_1</text>
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                <text>Africa in the Age of Digitalisation</text>
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                <text>This chapter explores the creative industries in Africa from a digital perspective. This ranges from digital advertising, design, fashion, film and music production to digital publishing and photography. There have been quite a range of innovative developments in the global value chain, which are also explored such as the deployment of artificial intelligence and augmented and virtual reality. Everything Digital – Fashion, Film, and Music production and distribution – is considered in the chapter. It also paves the way for further interrogation of the legal landscape and intellectual property challenges in the creative industries – which is the focus of Chapter 6.</text>
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                <text> Emerald Publishing Limited</text>
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