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                <text>Strategic Marketing of Higher Education in Africa</text>
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                <text>Strategic marketing of higher education encompasses the efforts made by tertiary&#13;
or higher education institutions to develop a better understanding of the needs of&#13;
their prospective customers in order to design products and services to meet and&#13;
exceed these needs. These marketing activities of tertiary institutions should&#13;
usually be carried out through the execution of purposeful conversations with all&#13;
the university brand stakeholders, and this is the function of brand marketing&#13;
communications (Mogaji, 2016). Brand marketing communications seeks to&#13;
integrate multiple consumer contact points that occur through the purchase&#13;
of commercial messages in paid, earned, and owned media to deliver persuasive and impactful statements about higher education brands. Persuasive brand&#13;
communications is a critical pillar in the successful marketing efforts of universities worldwide, and this new edited book focuses on marketing and&#13;
brand communication issues from an African perspective.&#13;
Africa is the second-largest continent, both in area and population, of the&#13;
seven continents in the world. The continent is vast as is its education system&#13;
designed to meet the educational needs of its citizens; however, there is a dearth&#13;
of insight into this vast education system, especially its higher education institutions despite the fact that higher education is known to support countries’ social,&#13;
economic, and cultural progress (Alcaide-Pulido, Alves, &amp; Gutiérrez-Villar,&#13;
2017). While acknowledging the limited theoretical insight into marketing&#13;
higher education in Africa (Maringe &amp; Foskett, 2002; Ivy, 2008) research&#13;
abounds on higher education in the developed countries, highlighting a gap in&#13;
knowledge that needs to be filled.&#13;
Universities in Africa are continually advancing towards providing better&#13;
quality education (Olaleye, Ukpabi, &amp; Mogaji, 2020). While there is a shortage&#13;
of funds for existing universities, governments are still creating more universities, private institutions are also establishing universities to meet these&#13;
growing demands, and likewise, universities in the developed countries are&#13;
opening international branch campuses in Africa (Chee, Butt, Wilkins, &amp; Ong,&#13;
2016; Maringe, 2009). The changing demographics of prospective students in&#13;
Africa is also changing – they are more demanding, mobile, and tech-savvy and&#13;
take time to search for information (Michael, 2004). These dynamics within&#13;
the sector is necessitating the need for strategic marketing of higher education&#13;
as universities are becoming more business-oriented in the competitive higher&#13;
education market (Ndofirepi, Farinloye, &amp; Mogaji, 2020).&#13;
Marketing of higher education is necessitated based on the need to deliver a&#13;
service to the market to those who can afford it (Mogaji &amp; Yoon, 2019). In&#13;
other words, some prospective students want to acquire tertiary education, and&#13;
likewise, some universities need more students in order to remain commercially&#13;
viable. Universities need to be strategic to portray how different and unique they&#13;
are as this becomes a competitive advantage (Mackelo &amp; Drūteikienė, 2010) and&#13;
building this unique brand image as a university means more significant advantages are possible (Hemsley-Brown &amp; Oplatka, 2006). The African context with&#13;
these marketing dynamics, however, needs to be acknowledged.&#13;
A significant challenge that colleges and universities in Africa face apart from&#13;
the state and standards of the campuses is that they are not deemed to be&#13;
competitive enough for consumers to perceive them as offering better products&#13;
and services than their competitors. Besides, there are external challenges, often&#13;
not in control of the university. There are challenges with the countries in&#13;
terms of safety, security, and opportunities, as well as the macroeconomic&#13;
stability living standards, inflation, and unemployment.&#13;
The challenges of African universities are multifaceted. They face unique&#13;
developmental challenges located in narratives of poverty, postcolonialism,&#13;
coloniality, and more recently, decolonisation (Maringe, 2020). There is a gap&#13;
in knowledge with regards to the marketing of higher education on the continent as the strategies adopted in the developed countries with a developed&#13;
educational sector may not necessarily work in Africa (Mogaji, Farinloye, &amp;&#13;
Aririguzoh, 2017). Even though there are some developed higher education&#13;
systems in Africa, such as in South Africa and Egypt, there is still a gap in&#13;
knowledge about the African higher education market. Thus, there is need for&#13;
better understanding of the higher education market and importantly their&#13;
marketing challenges which informs the marketing communications strategies&#13;
to be adopted.&#13;
This book fills that gap in knowledge. It addresses one of the many sectors&#13;
involved in developing the capacity of universities in Africa. While there are&#13;
challenges with the administration of the universities, funding structure, curriculum, and quality of education (Maringe, 2005; Mogaji, 2019), this book&#13;
focuses on the strategic marketing communications of the universities as they&#13;
engage with various stakeholders and enhances managers’ decision-making&#13;
capacity. This book offers empirical insight into the higher education market&#13;
across the continent. It offers significant theoretical and marketing practice&#13;
implications for academics, higher education administrators, and practitioners&#13;
on how best to reach out to prospective students in the competitive higher&#13;
education market using digital media and creating a brand that stands out.&#13;
Likewise, international practitioners aiming to market to prospective African&#13;
students or wishing to start partnerships with existing African universities will&#13;
2 Emmanuel Mogaji et al.&#13;
also find this relevant in understanding the dynamics of the African higher&#13;
education market. We hope that this book meaningfully advances our&#13;
comprehension of marketing higher education in Africa and that it will&#13;
stimulate further research.</text>
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                <text>Assessing the roles of foreign knowledge acquisition and absorptive capacity in the relationship between market orientation, innovativeness and performance</text>
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                <text>The effects of market orientation (MO) have received much attention from researchers (Ozkaya et al., 2015). Narver and Slater (1990) identified three dimensions of MO: customer orientation (CuO), competitor orientation (CoO) and inter-functional coordination. In particular, studies have shown that good customer knowledge management can create a valuable competitive advantage for firms (Garcia-Murillo and Annabi, 2002). According to the need for firms to manage customer knowledge to drive performance, we therefore focus on the customer and CoOs, both of which focus on the firm’s external information-gathering activities (Narver and Slater, 1990; Ozkaya et al., 2015). However, although gathering and sharing customer knowledge is important, employees must apply this knowledge to effect a transformation in the firm (Ozkaya et al., 2015). Therefore, alongside customer knowledge – i.e. knowledge about, for and from customers – the present study also examines employee absorptive capacity (AC).&#13;
&#13;
Knowledge has been recognized as a vital resource that can be managed to increase a firm’s competitive advantage and innovation and improve its performance. The value of the acquisition and sharing of knowledge on customers and competitors across the functional units of an organization is fundamental to MO theory. MO has been found to affect business performance in varied environments (Kohli et al., 1993; Narver and Slater, 1990). Nonetheless, despite an increased research interest in knowledge management, MO, innovation and performance, their interrelationships are not well understood in the literature (Migdadi et al., 2017).&#13;
&#13;
Recent literature has demonstrated the importance of foreign knowledge acquisition for firm performance (Elhachemi, 2022; Rakthin et al., 2016). These studies suggest that AC can influence the relationship between external knowledge acquisition and a firm’s innovativeness and performance, but they have examined the AC of market knowledge only in relation to foreign partners and not to knowledge of customers and competitors (Elhachemi, 2022). Rakthin et al. (2016) investigated the mediation of customer acquisition and retention in the effects of AC on firm performance but did not consider competitor intelligence in the knowledge acquisition and dissemination process. There is thus inadequate evidence in the literature for understanding the relationship between foreign knowledge acquisition, AC and firm performance.&#13;
&#13;
The present study addresses these gaps in the literature by examining the effect of MO (measured as customer and CoO) on foreign business knowledge (FBK) acquisition and then on firm innovativeness and performance. For this purpose, it determines the effect of MO on firm innovativeness and performance and tests the moderating role of AC in the link between FBK acquisition, firm innovativeness and performance.&#13;
&#13;
To address these objectives, we collected data from enterprises in Ghana that export their products to foreign markets. Knowledge acquisition from foreign markets has benefitted SMEs in a range of developing economies, such as China (Lin et al., 2020), Ghana (Sarsah et al., 2020) and Algeria (Elhachemi, 2022). However, studies on the impact of the acquired knowledge have been inadequate. Similarly, the effect of MO on the performance of Ghanaian firms has been rarely studied. Our study thus contributes to researchers’ and practitioners’ understandings of how MO drives foreign knowledge acquisition by firms and the consequent effects on their performance and innovativeness.&#13;
&#13;
The remainder of the paper provides the theoretical background, hypotheses development, methodology and results of the present study, before providing a discussion including limitations and recommendations for future studies.</text>
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                <text>2022</text>
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                <text>https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/mrr-10-2021-0726/full/html</text>
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                <text>Examining the marketing-corporate social responsibility nexus</text>
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                <text>Robert Ebo Hinson</text>
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                <text>Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine how corporate social responsibility is incorporated&#13;
into marketing strategy for a leading telecommunications firm (MTN) in Ghana. The paper examines the&#13;
corporate social responsibility practices of this firm by focussing on various dimensions of stakeholder&#13;
interests, norms and values.&#13;
Design/methodology/approach – A conceptual framework was adopted from the extant literature&#13;
and used as the basis for the single case study analysis. The authors interviewed senior management&#13;
of the company and also analysed corporate social responsibility (CSR) information posted on the&#13;
company’s website.&#13;
Findings – MTN has a strong commitment to social responsibility programmes. A separate&#13;
independent unit, dubbed, “MTN Foundation”, has been established with its own Board of Directors and&#13;
management team to manage CSR-related programmes. However, there seems to be lack of coordination&#13;
of activities of other departments such as marketing and human resources which are of equal interest&#13;
to major stakeholders. Again, in an effort to identify stakeholders’ interests, there appears to be a lack of&#13;
a proactive approach in examining the actual needs of prospective beneficiaries of CSR programmes&#13;
of the company.&#13;
Originality/value – The paper serves as a guide to managers in the planning and implementation&#13;
of social responsibility programmes within the context of developing countries and also adds to the&#13;
relatively parsimonious literature on CSR practices of firms operating in Africa.&#13;
Keywords Corporate, Social responsibility, MTN, Ghana, Marketing</text>
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                <text>2012</text>
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                <text>https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Robert-Hinson-2/publication/235308888_Examining_the_marketing-corporate_social_responsibility_nexus/links/55a26da108aea815dffd07b4/Examining-the-marketing-corporate-social-responsibility-nexus.pdf</text>
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                <text>The relationship between social interactions, trust, business network, external knowledge access and performance: a study of SMEs in Ghana</text>
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                <text>Abstract&#13;
Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine the role of social interaction ties, trust and business&#13;
networks in the acquisition of foreign business knowledge and foreign institutional knowledge. It also&#13;
assesses the effect of these types of knowledge on small and medium enterprises’ (SME) export performance.&#13;
Furthermore, this study determines the moderating role of absorptive capacity in the relationship between&#13;
foreign business knowledge, foreign institutional knowledge and export performance.&#13;
Design/methodology/approach – This study used a survey research design using data from&#13;
nontraditional SME exporters in Ghana. There were 257 respondents who were employees (managers/&#13;
owners) of SMEs in Ghana. The model was analyzed using structural equation modeling.&#13;
Findings – Social interaction ties, trust and business networks have a significant effect on the acquisition of&#13;
foreign business knowledge and foreign institutional knowledge. Furthermore, foreign business knowledge&#13;
and foreign institutional knowledge have a significant positive effect on export performance. The path&#13;
between foreign business knowledge and export performance is also moderated by absorptive capacity.&#13;
However, the moderating role of absorptive capacity in the relationship between foreign institutional&#13;
knowledge and export performance is not significant.&#13;
Originality – This study uses social capital to explain how SMEs acquire foreign business knowledge and&#13;
foreign institutional knowledge, and how both affect SMEs’ export performance. Furthermore, it tests the&#13;
moderating role of absorptive capacity in the relationship between foreign business knowledge, foreign&#13;
institutional knowledge and export performance.&#13;
Keywords Social capital, Foreign business knowledge, Foreign institutional knowledge, SMEs,&#13;
Export performance&#13;
Paper type Research paper</text>
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                <text> Emerald Publishing Limited</text>
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                <text>2022</text>
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                <text>https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/vjikms-05-2020-0088/full/pdf</text>
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                <text>Qualitative Insights into Market Orientation&#13;
in Small Ghanaian Businesses &#13;
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                <text>Due to their importance to economic development, small businesses are the subject of multidisciplinary streams of&#13;
business research. This current paper focuses on exploring the market orientation posture of small businesses&#13;
operating in Ghana. Cast in a qualitative research mode, we utilize face to face interviews to gain insights into the&#13;
market orientation opinions and postures of small business operators. Deductive analysis of the interview&#13;
transcripts revealed that small businesses do not have a structured marketing plan. Most of the proprietors&#13;
interviewed do not understand market orientation and do not see its importance to the success of their businesses.&#13;
Their main focus is on the customer and the methods adopted are very informal but seem to have a positive effect&#13;
on market share and customer retention. Following these findings, the paper provides some managerial&#13;
implications, highlights the inherent limitations of the case study, and outlines some avenues for future studies. </text>
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                <text>Value co-creation (VC) is generally considered as having mutually beneficial implications for all actors involved. Nonetheless, emerging evidence on value co-destruction and its consequences on the wellbeing of co-creating actors implies that narrowing down on specific fallouts of this process is needed for managerial interventions. This paper contributes to the value-co-creation literature by exploring the relationship between customer participation in VC on some difficult to detect employee service behaviors: workaholism and fear-based silence. The extent to which employee trust (TRS) in employee – hotel relationship moderates these relations is assessed. While the findings from 422 frontline employee-customer data within luxury hotels in Ghana support a negative effect of VC on fear-based silence and workaholism, TRS buffered these effects. We recommend that VC in service failure and recovery be approached with tact, compassion, and forgiveness.</text>
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                <text>J. Retailing Consum. Serv.</text>
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                <text>An interrogation of the dialogic potential of insurance firm websites in Ghana</text>
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                <text>This paper examines the dialogic potential of insurance firms’ websites in Ghana. Research was executed via a content analysis of insurance companies’ websites in Ghana using Kent and Taylor’s (1998) dialogic framework. Insurance companies in Ghana have been fairly successful in utilizing the dialogic features in their corporate websites. Out of the five dialogic principles proposed by Kent and Taylor (1998); the findings of the study show a preponderant use of the dialogic loop feature by the sampled insurance companies. Also comparing local and international companies, the local insurance companies seem rather more dialogic than the international companies. However the sampled insurance companies performed rather poorly on the principle of return visit and conservation of visitors. This study contributes to the scarce literature on dialogic potential of websites from a developing country context.</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="10557">
                <text> Article Reuse Guidelines</text>
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                <text>https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/full/10.1177/0266666913477879</text>
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                <text>Managing market innovation for competitive advantage: how external dynamics hold sway for financial services</text>
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                <text>Robert Ebo Hinson </text>
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                <text>: From the complexity theory, it is argued that external factors largely determine the effectiveness of firm-level strategies. Hence, firms must seek to align their strategies such as market innovation with the prevailing business environment to achieve competitive advantage. We investigate the moderating effect of three environmental factors, regulatory regime, competitive intensity and customer demand on the relationship between innovation and competitive advantage creation in financial services firms. Data were collected from the Ghana’s financial services sector with a focus on banking and insurance institutions. Constructs were validated through confirmatory factor analysis while robust regressions estimates were run to test their hypothesised relationships. We found that both competitive intensity and regulatory regime positively increase the effect of market innovation on competitive advantage.  It was also found that the interaction between competitive intensity  and regulatory regime has a positive effect while the interaction between customer demand and regulatory regime dampens the positive relationship  </text>
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                <text>200X Inderscience Enterprises Ltd. </text>
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                <text>2018</text>
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                <text>Exploring Consumers’ Intention to Adopt&#13;
Mobile Payment Systems in Ghana&#13;
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                <text>Robert Ebo Hinson</text>
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                <text>In this paper, the authors examined consumers’ intention to adopt and use mobile payment methods in&#13;
Ghana. Data for the study was obtained from a sample of 260 respondents through online and direct&#13;
survey using structured questionnaire. Structural equation modeling was used to analyse the data&#13;
through SPSS v.22 and SmartPLS v.3. Findings with regards to the determinants of mobile payment&#13;
system adoption indicate that perceived security, attitude, and perceived usefulness play active roles&#13;
in consumer decisions to adopt mobile payment methods in Ghana. Also, perceived usefulness and&#13;
perceived ease of use have a significant and positive influence on consumer’s attitude towards mobile&#13;
payment adoption. Further, subjective norm was found to influence perceived usefulness and perceived&#13;
ease of use of mobile payment adoption in Ghana. The study contributes to the literature on mobile </text>
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                <text>This article published as an Open Access Article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License</text>
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                <text>https://www.igi-global.com/gateway/article/full-text-pdf/285547&amp;amp;riu=true</text>
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                <text>Examining the marketing-corporate social&#13;
responsibility nexus</text>
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                <text>Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine how corporate social responsibility is incorporated&#13;
into marketing strategy for a leading telecommunications firm (MTN) in Ghana. The paper examines the&#13;
corporate social responsibility practices of this firm by focussing on various dimensions of stakeholder&#13;
interests, norms and values.&#13;
Design/methodology/approach – A conceptual framework was adopted from the extant literature&#13;
and used as the basis for the single case study analysis. The authors interviewed senior management&#13;
of the company and also analysed corporate social responsibility (CSR) information posted on the&#13;
company’s website.&#13;
Findings – MTN has a strong commitment to social responsibility programmes. A separate&#13;
independent unit, dubbed, “MTN Foundation”, has been established with its own Board of Directors and&#13;
management team to manage CSR-related programmes. However, there seems to be lack of coordination&#13;
of activities of other departments such as marketing and human resources which are of equal interest&#13;
to major stakeholders. Again, in an effort to identify stakeholders’ interests, there appears to be a lack of&#13;
a proactive approach in examining the actual needs of prospective beneficiaries of CSR programmes&#13;
of the company.&#13;
Originality/value – The paper serves as a guide to managers in the planning and implementation&#13;
of social responsibility programmes within the context of developing countries and also adds to the&#13;
relatively parsimonious literature on CSR practices of firms operating in Africa.&#13;
Keywords Corporate, Social responsibility, MTN, Ghana, Marketing</text>
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                <text>https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Robert-Hinson-2/publication/235308888_Examining_the_marketing-corporate_social_responsibility_nexus/links/55a26da108aea815dffd07b4/Examining-the-marketing-corporate-social-responsibility-nexus.pdf</text>
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