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                <text>Physico-functional and starch pasting properties of cassava (Manihot esculenta Cruntz) flours as influenced by processing technique and varietal variations</text>
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                <text>EO Afoakwa, GO Sampson, D Nyirenda, CN Mwansa, L Brimer, L Chiwona-Karltun</text>
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                <text>This study investigated effects of processing technique and varietal variations on the physicofunctional, starch pasting and viscoelastic properties of cassava (Manihot Esculenta Crantz) flours using a 3x6 factorial experimental approach. Samples were evaluated for their non-volatile acidity, pH, swelling power, solubility water absorption capacity (27oC and 70oC), colour and starch pasting characteristics of the cassava flours using standard methods. Grating and soaking of the cassava tubers significantly (p&lt; 0.05) reduced the pH of all the varieties with concomitant increases in non-volatile acidity. Grating and soaking significantly (p&lt; 0.05) reduced the swelling power, solubility and water absorption capacity of the flours. Soaked Chila B flour recorded the highest pasting temperature of 66.9 C whiles soaked Mweulu flour recorded the highest peak viscosity (684 BU), viscosity at 95oC (683 BU) and viscosity at 95oC-hold (359 BU), suggesting that the flours from the different cassava varieties could be targeted for different food and industrial products.</text>
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                <text>Physico-functional characteristics of Seven Different Yams (Dioscorea species) in Ghana</text>
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                <text>Delali Polycarp, Emmanuel Ohene Afoakwa, Agnes K Anane-Asamoah, Baako Haruna</text>
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                <text>This study was designed to characterize the most cultivated and consumed yam (Dioscorea) cultivars within the Ghanaian yam germplasm based on their physico-functional properties in order to assess their potential alternative food and industrial processing applications. Matured yam varieties grown and harvested under the same climatic and edaphic factors were obtained from the Roots and Tuber Conservatory Division of the Council for Scientific and Industrial Research-Plant Genetic Resources Research Institute, Bunso Ghana. Colour of bulk flour for each yam sample was measured using the Hunter Lab Colour Difference Meter. Functional properties such as water absorption capacity, swelling power and solubility index were determined using standard analytical procedures. Significant differences (p&lt; 0.05) existed among the yam varieties for their colour and functional properties. Flours of D. bulbifera and D. dumetorum had an attractive yellow colour while flour of D. esculenta recorded the highest whiteness (L= 84.09). D. esculenta had the highest swelling power (9.4%) and solubility index of 27.6%. No significant difference was observed in water absorption at 27 C and 70 C for all varieties except D. dumetorum. D. dumetorum flour had relatively high water absorption capacity of 295.9% in water at 27 C and 189.4% in water at 70 C. The findings from this research will be relevant to yam producers and processors in programmes aimed at developing new food/industrial processing applications using Ghanaian yams.</text>
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                <text>Phytosterols-induced viscoelasticity of oleogels prepared by using monoglycerides</text>
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                <text>Monoglycerides (MGs) and phytosterols (PS) are known to form firm oleogels with liquid oil. However, the oleogels are prone to undergo polymorphic transition over time that lead to crystals' aggregation thus, compromises physical properties. Thus, we combined MGs with PS to control the crystallization and modify the morphology of the combination oleogels, as both components are reported to interact together. The oleogels were prepared at different ratio combinations and characterized in their rheological, thermal, morphology, and diffraction properties. The results showed that the 8:2 MGP:PS exhibited higher storage modulus (G′) than the MGP mono-component. The combination oleogels exhibited effects on the crystallization and polymorphic transition. Consequently, the effects led to change in the morphology of the combination oleogels which was visualized using optical and electron microscope. The …</text>
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                <text>PID AND PREDICTIVE&#13;
CONTROL OF&#13;
ELECTRICAL DRIVES&#13;
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                <text>Pod storage with roasting: A tool to diversifying the flavor profiles of dark chocolates produced from ‘bulk’cocoa beans?(part I: Aroma profiling of chocolates)</text>
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                <text>The impact of pod storage (PS) and roasting temperature (RT) on the aroma profiles of dark chocolates were evaluated. Cocoa liquor samples comprised of ten different combinations of PS and RT, whilst keeping the roasting time fixed at 35 min. Additionally, commercial cocoa liquors from renowned origins (Ecuador, Madagascar, Venezuela, Vietnam, Ivory Coast and Ghana) were acquired for comparison. From these, 70% dark chocolates were produced under the same conditions after which they were subjected to headspace solid-phase microextraction-gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (HS-SPME-GC–MS) analysis. Although both PS and RT were found to influence the aroma volatile concentrations, the impact of RT over PS seemed to be greater. An agglomerative hierarchical clustering (AHC) of all chocolates on the basis of their aroma profiles revealed a similar impact as earlier observed, where …</text>
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                <text>Policy recommendations and smallholder guidelines for improved fish smoking systems</text>
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                <text>Kennedy Bomfeh, Liesbeth Jacxsens, Bruno De Meulenaer, Wisdom Kofi Amoa-Awua, Emmanuel Ohene Afoakwa</text>
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                <text>[...] a risk assessment showed that should the FTT be used instead of traditional kilns to smoke fish in Ghana, consumers will be protected from PAH public health risks related to smoked fish consumption.[...] in 2017, the International Association of Fish Inspectors (IAFI) requested governments (especially those in developing countries) to prioritize the reduction of PAHs health risks associated with the consumption of smoked fish produced on the continent. 1 The statement noted that while the average exposure of consumers in the EU to PAHs2 averaged 3-4 ng/kg body weight/day from all sources, the estimated average from smoked fish only in West Africa was close to ten times the EU exposure. MOE is a dimensionless number representing the ratio between the lower limit of the benchmark dose level (BMDL10) for a given PAH to the dietary exposure of consumers to the same hazard (EFSA, 2008).[...] ProQuest …</text>
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                <text>POLICY RECOMMENDATIONS AND SMALLHOLDER GUIDELINES FOR IMPROVED FISH SMOKING SYSTEMS</text>
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                <text>Bomfeh Kennedy, Jacxsens Liesbeth, Bruno De Meulenaer, Wisdom Kofi Amoa-Awua, Emmanuel Ohene Afoakwa</text>
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                <text>In developing countries, traditionally smoked fish are highly contaminated with polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). This is mainly due to the use of wood-fueled traditional kilns for processing the commodity. An improved kiln, the FAO-Thiaroye Technique (FTT), has been introduced to address the concern and was assessed in Ghana for its efficacy. It was found that the FTT drastically lessens PAH contamination in smoked fish and also affords public health protection against risks associated with that hazard. The findings call for policy actions to underpin efforts for improving the safety and market access of smoked fish in Ghana and other low- and middle-income countries.</text>
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                <text>Gbensuglo Alidu Bukari, Cletus Kwaku Mbowura, Anasenchor Orlapu, Shanunu Zackaria</text>
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                <text>The paper contributes to the burgeoning argument that there exists a relationship between peace&#13;
and development, and that this relationship is relevant for both political and economic governance.&#13;
The pursuit of stability, peace, and security is paramount for sovereign states as they are&#13;
foundational for a nation's well-being, development, and the prosperity of its citizens. Political&#13;
economy of peace examines the intricate connections between economic and political factors and&#13;
institutions, and the attainment of these essential objectives. Building on this conceptualisation,&#13;
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sovereignty states, and that peace is a function of economic and political considerations. </text>
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