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                <text>The petroleum industries benefit immensely from developing scientific processes and procedures that determine characteristics of crude oils and distinct them. This is because crude oils are acquired from various geological sources and each sedimentary rock has its own distinct chemical properties that affect extraction, refinery and environmental safety. Extraction of crude oils may result in exposure of some radionuclide elements from sedimentary rocks into the environments. This nuclear exposure may affect lives and can cause ecological imbalance. Applications of gamma emission spectroscopy has grown rapidly around the world because of its accurate measurement and precision. Such technique has not been applied for the study of naturally occurring radionuclide materials (NORMs) in crude oils from the active oil fields in Ghana. The study employed the use of gamma spectroscopic technique for characterization of crude oil samples from Jubilee Oil Field, Tweneboa Enyenra Ntomme (TEN) Oil Field and Saltpond Oil Field. The technique was applied on four crude oil samples. The results of this paper actually report on radionuclide concentrations of naturally occurring radioactive materials in four crude samples using a Gamma-Ray spectrometer. Three radionuclides, radium-226 (226 Ra), thorium-232 (232 Th) and potassium-40 (40 K), were identified from each crude sample (JF, TF SF-1 and SF-2). It was observed that samples from Saltpond Oil Field estimated the highest activity concentration and the</text>
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                <text>The paradigm of the fourth industrial revolution has presented a unique opportunity to interconnect the cyber-physical space. The objective of this interconnection is to encourage the fusion of technologies from physical, digital, and biological spheres to encourage digitization of resources ranging from building, cars, hospital, schools, energy, and many more. It is expected that such resources can make independent decisions on their state to avoid human intervention in monitoring the state of these resources which have their direct and indirect cost implication. Having an intelligent resource monitoring regime forms the underlying structure of cyber-physical space. In this article, the authors focus on the future of integrated nature-inspired algorithms in helping create an optimized resource monitoring regime towards the smart city applications.</text>
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                <text>Waste management is one of the challenges facing countries globally, leading to the need for innovative ways to design and operationalize smart waste bins for effective waste collection and management. The inability of extant waste bins to facilitate sorting of solid waste at the point of collection and the attendant impact on waste management process is the motivation for this study. The South African University of Technology (SAUoT) is used as a case study because solid waste management is an aspect where SAUoT is exerting an impact by leveraging emerging technologies. In this article, a convolutional neural network (CNN) based model called You-Only-Look-Once (YOLO) is employed as the object detection algorithm to facilitate the classification of waste according to various categories at the point of waste collection. Additionally, a nature-inspired search method is used as learning rate for the CNN model. The custom YOLO model was developed for waste object detection, trained with different weights and backbones, namely darknet53.conv.74, darknet19_448.conv.23, Yolov4.conv.137 and Yolov4-tiny.conv.29, respectively, for Yolov3, Yolov3-tiny, Yolov4 and Yolov4-tiny models. Eight (8) classes of waste and a total of 3171 waste images are used. The performance of YOLO models is considered in terms of accuracy of prediction (Average Precision—AP) and speed of prediction measured in milliseconds. A lower loss value out of a percentage shows a higher performance of prediction and a lower value on speed of prediction. The results of the experiment show that Yolov3 has better accuracy of prediction as compared with Yolov3-tiny …</text>
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                <text>Detecting water leakage and reporting the leakage timely is one of the challenges faced by water distributing companies in developing nations. This paper employs a nature-inspired search method for optimal location search to water leakage sources for Ghana Water and Sewage Services Company. The nature-inspired method aid in mapping IoT-edge computing devices used by the water and sewage workers, especially in the cities and urban areas, to find and locate leaked pipelines. Once, a water and sewage worker receive a trigger from any location that there are leakages, the algorithm generates the location data which automatically processes the distance, geographic location, and direction. In this paper, a nature-inspired algorithm based on the behaviour of a Kestrel bird was used as the mapping function. The developed algorithm was tested and evaluated using pre-defined and random locations based …</text>
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                <text>This study is an ongoing work to develop a smart mobile health care system for the delivery of health care services to the aged. In this paper, we focus on developing a mapping function algorithm that matches the location of a device used by nurses to that of a patient, especially the aged, to find the optimal distance and direction. After a patient has requested health care service, the algorithm generates random location data, then computes the distances and direction within a geographical location. The mapping function algorithm was inspired by the behaviour of the kestrel bird. The proposed algorithm was evaluated by testing with pre-determined and random location data on latitude and longitudinal data. The experiment results demonstrate that the mapping function was able to find the optimal distance between two different locations.</text>
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                <text>This study examines the causes of the Nawuri-Gonja conflict, which broke out in&#13;
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                <text>This thesis looks at the relationship between the Nawuri and the Gonja from 1913 to 1994. It discusses the arrival of the Nawuri, the Gonja and other immigrants into the Nawuri area and the nature of the relationship between the two groups of people through time. Contacts between the Nawuri and the Gonja date back to the seventeenth century when the two ethnic groups regarded each other as political allies. As political allies, the Nawuri supported the Gonja when eastern Gonja came under attack by Asante in 1744-45. Similarly, the Nawuri supported the Lepo Gonja (one of the three gates to the Kpembe chieftaincy) when a civil war erupted between Kanyase on the one hand and the Lepo and the Sungbung on the other. The relationship between the Nawuri and the Gonja up to 1913 was very cordial and peaceful. In 1913 Karantu Kankarantu Jawula was installed the Kanankulaiwura in the Nawuri area. Throughout his tenure of office, Kanankulaiwura Jawula pursued polices that indicated that the Nawuri were Gonja subjects and that allodial rights to the lands in the Nawuri area resided in the Gonja. It was this action of Kanankulaiwura Jawula and the subsequent amalgamation of the Nawuri area to the Gonja state that brought about a change in the relationship between the Nawuri and the Gonja. There are several feuds between the Nawuri and the Gonja relating to birthrights, allodial rights, overlordship and chieftaincy became the thrusts of their relationship. The local feuds between the Nawuri and the Gonja determined their positions in politics concerning the status of British sphere of Togoland from 1922 to 1956 as well as politics in …</text>
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