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                <text>Factors Influencing the Adoption of Digital Address System:&#13;
The Case of Ghana’s National Digital Addressing System&#13;
&#13;
&#13;
&#13;
&#13;
&#13;
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                <text>The purpose of this study is to explore the factors that affect the awareness and usage of digital addressing systems in Ghana. Extant research about electronic government services in&#13;
general have unfortunately ignored using a multidimensional theoretical approach to studying the issue. In this regard, this study conceptualised and used the technology organisation environment framework as a multidimensional tool to study the factors that would influence citizens’ awareness and usage of the digital addressing system in Ghana. Further, this study&#13;
used structural equation modelling technique to analyse quantitative survey data collected from two hundred (200) respondents with respect to their technological, organisational,&#13;
environmental and human or cognitive contexts. The factors identified as influencing behavioural intention to adopt digital addressing systems are perceived technical capability,&#13;
usability, and perceived organisational readiness. In addition, only security and privacy were found to affect actual usage, confirming the importance of these two factors to citizens’ in&#13;
their uptake of electronic government services. This study holds significance for research, practice and policy. With respect to research, this study is arguably the first to extend the&#13;
technology organization environment framework to studying the adoption of digital addressing systems. With respect to practice, this theory has proposed several practice guidelines that the custodian of Ghana’s digital addressing system could follow in ensuring successful uptake of the new system. For instance, the institution should consider developing the technical competences of its staff in order to provide help to citizens’ and possibly developers who may create new services to interface with the digital addressing system</text>
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                <text> Dr. Stephen Asunka</text>
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                <text>Tuning the aroma profiles of FORASTERO cocoa liquors by varying pod storage and bean roasting temperature</text>
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                <text>Michael Hinneh, Davy Van de Walle, Daylan Amelia Tzompa-Sosa, Ann De Winne, Sarah Termote, Kathy Messens, Jim Van Durme, Emmanuel Ohene Afoakwa, Luc De Cooman, Koen Dewettinck</text>
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                <text>The unique impact of roasting conditions on the aroma quality of cocoa beans has been demonstrated in many studies. However, information on the additional impact of pod storage (PS) and its combined effect with roasting temperature (RT) is unknown. Hence, this study sought to elucidate the collective contribution of these post-harvest/process parameters on the aroma profiles of cocoa liquors produced from Forastero cocoa beans. The beans had been subjected to different treatments following a 3 × 4 full factorial experiment, consisting of PS (0, 3, 7 days) and RT (100, 120, 140, 160 °C). Statistical analysis of the results from HS-SPME-GC–MS revealed significant (p &lt; .05) impact of both PS and RT as well as their interaction effects on the ten groups of volatiles (acids, alcohols, esters, terpenes, aldehydes, ketones, pyrazines, furans, pyrroles and others) and their overall aroma concentration. An exception …</text>
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                <text>Comparing flavor profiles of dark chocolates refined with melanger and conched with Stephan mixer in various alternative chocolate production techniques</text>
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                <text>Michael Hinneh, Davy Van de Walle, Daylan Amelia Tzompa-Sosa, Julie Haeck, Enoch Enorkplim Abotsi, Ann De Winne, Kathy Messens, Jim Van Durme, Emmanuel Ohene Afoakwa, Luc De Cooman, Koen Dewettinck</text>
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                <text>The use of alternative equipment for chocolate production is gaining attention in recent times in many countries. This is due to the lower cost of investment and maintenance, multi-functionality, and lower throughput. This study was conducted to investigate the applicability of two of such equipment; melanger and Stephan mixer. In the first set-up, the possibility of refining chocolate with the melanger in comparison with the conventional 3-roll refiner was explored. Whereas in the second set-up, the applicability of the Stephan mixer (aided with a vacuum pump) for a conching-like application was also investigated. From each set-up, 70% dark chocolates produced through various alternative means were then evaluated on the basis of their flavor profiles. Specific groups of volatiles such as aldehydes, ketones, terpenes and terpenoids, showed significant (p &lt; 0.05) differences due to the different refining …</text>
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                <text>Applicability of the melanger for chocolate refining and Stephan mixer for conching as small-scale alternative chocolate production techniques</text>
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                <text>Michael Hinneh, Davy Van de Walle, Julie Haeck, Enoch Enorkplim Abotsi, Ann De Winne, Arifin Dwi Saputro, Kathy Messens, Jim Van Durme, Emmanuel Ohene Afoakwa, Luc De Cooman, Koen Dewettinck</text>
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                <text>Conventional dark chocolate production methods that are applied in the industry consist of several steps, which require equipment with big investment costs. There are however few cost-effective alternatives suggested for small-scale production. Meanwhile, knowledge on these alternative equipment/techniques are insufficient to promote miniature production of high quality chocolates, either for research purposes in an industrial context, or for producers in developing countries, where the cost of investing in conventional equipment seems to be an impediment. The aim of this study was two-fold; first, to assess the feasibility of utilizing the ECGC-12SLTA CocoaTown melanger as an alternative to the conventional 3-roll refiner at different settings and fat content. Thereafter, one optimal setting was selected for each equipment for further investigation on the impact of the refining on some quality attributes of the final …</text>
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Pod storage with roasting: A tool to diversifying the flavor profiles of dark chocolates produced from ‘bulk’cocoa beans?(Part II: Quality and sensory profiling of chocolates)</text>
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                <text>Michael Hinneh, Enoch Enorkplim Abotsi, Davy Van de Walle, Daylan Amelia Tzompa-Sosa, Ann De Winne, Julien Simonis, Kathy Messens, Jim Van Durme, Emmanuel Ohene Afoakwa, Luc De Cooman, Koen Dewettinck&#13;
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                <text>The impact of pod storage (PS) and roasting temperature (RT) on the quality parameters and the sensory profiles of dark chocolates were evaluated. Dark chocolates (70%) from ten liquors of different PS and RT combinations as well as six liquors of different origins (Ecuador, Ghana, Ivory Coast, Madagascar, Venezuela and Vietnam) with variable genetic groups were produced under identical conditions and compared. To a greater extent, the range of chocolate quality attributes underscored the generally minimal effects of PS, RT and origin of liquor on the processing conditions. Although with a few exceptions, generally, chocolate acidity (pH and TA) decreased with increasing PS and vice versa in the case of RT. Furthermore, results from a balanced incomplete block design (BIBD) involving a 16-member expert panel also revealed the impact of the applied treatments (PS and RT) on the final flavor profiles of the …</text>
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                <text>Pod storage with roasting: A tool to diversifying the flavor profiles of dark chocolates produced from ‘bulk’cocoa beans?(part I: Aroma profiling of chocolates)</text>
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                <text>Michael Hinneh, Enoch Enorkplim Abotsi, Davy Van de Walle, Daylan Amelia Tzompa-Sosa, Ann De Winne, Julien Simonis, Kathy Messens, Jim Van Durme, Emmanuel Ohene Afoakwa, Luc De Cooman, Koen Dewettinck</text>
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                <text>The impact of pod storage (PS) and roasting temperature (RT) on the aroma profiles of dark chocolates were evaluated. Cocoa liquor samples comprised of ten different combinations of PS and RT, whilst keeping the roasting time fixed at 35 min. Additionally, commercial cocoa liquors from renowned origins (Ecuador, Madagascar, Venezuela, Vietnam, Ivory Coast and Ghana) were acquired for comparison. From these, 70% dark chocolates were produced under the same conditions after which they were subjected to headspace solid-phase microextraction-gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (HS-SPME-GC–MS) analysis. Although both PS and RT were found to influence the aroma volatile concentrations, the impact of RT over PS seemed to be greater. An agglomerative hierarchical clustering (AHC) of all chocolates on the basis of their aroma profiles revealed a similar impact as earlier observed, where …</text>
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                <text>Assessing the influence of pod storage on sugar and free amino acid profiles and the implications on some Maillard reaction related flavor volatiles in Forastero cocoa beans</text>
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                <text>Michael Hinneh, Evangeline Semanhyia, Davy Van de Walle, Ann De Winne, Daylan Amelia Tzompa-Sosa, Gustavo Luis Leonardo Scalone, Bruno De Meulenaer, Kathy Messens, Jim Van Durme, Emmanuel Ohene Afoakwa, Luc De Cooman, Koen Dewettinck</text>
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                <text>The practice of pod storage (PS) has been applied in many cocoa producing countries, especially by Ghanaian farmers over the years. However, the study of PS has not received much attention, hence, until now, its potential impact on specific flavor precursor development and implications on the flavor of cocoa beans still remains uncovered. The study was therefore aimed at exploring this possibility through physico-chemical and flavor precursor analyses, carried out on equally fermented and dried pod stored (0, 3 and 7 days) Ghanaian cocoa beans. Flavor analysis was also conducted on equally roasted pod stored cocoa beans. Through visual assessment of the pods, pulp and beans, the compelling impact of PS on fermentation index (FI) and nib acidity could be demonstrated by the various biochemical and physical changes such as respiration, moisture reduction, and cellular degradation, occurring during …</text>
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The purpose of this study is to assess the extent to which the Ghana stock market performance has been impacted by the novel COVID-19 pandemic.&#13;
Design/methodology/approach&#13;
The study used the exponential generalized autoregressive conditional heteroscedasticity (EGARCH) model, by using daily time series data from 2 January 2015 to 13 October 2020. Both pre-estimation (Augmented Dickey-Fuller and Phillips-Perron) and post-estimation tests (Jarque-Bera) were conducted to validate the results.&#13;
Findings&#13;
While the study shows a statistically insignificant negative relationship between the COVID-19 pandemic and the Ghana stock returns, the results confirm that the COVID-19 pandemic has occasioned an increase in the Ghana stock returns volatility by 8.23%. Furthermore, the study confirmed the presence of volatility clustering and asymmetric effect, with the latter implying that worthy news tends …</text>
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