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                <text>Knowledge-based economy capacity building for developing countries: a panel analysis in Southern African Development Community</text>
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                <text>Koketso Phale, Fanglin Li, Isaac Adjei Mensah, Akoto Yaw Omari-Sasu, Mohammed Musah</text>
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                <text>The Southern African Development Community is lagging behind in terms of knowledge economy relative to other regions worldwide. This dramatically reduces the chances of keeping up with their economically established counterparts in terms of sustainable development. This paper therefore, applies multivariate panel data analysis which is predicted on the Cobb–Douglas production function to analyze the affiliation flanked by knowledge-based economy pillars and economic growth from 1998–2018. The World Bank knowledge-based economy framework is employed. To achieve the study goal, the long-run effect regarding proxies of each pillar in the knowledge-based economy on economic growth is first estimated. Afterwards, the average impact of each pillar is examined using the average impact index (AII). Employment of both conventional unit root and co-integration tests showed all observed series are stationary and co-integrated. Further estimation of the long-run relationship using both static and dynamic models (fixed effect and generalized method of moment) portrayed that government effectiveness, adjusted savings on education expenditure, tertiary enrollment, scientific and technical journals, and mobile cellular subscriptions have significant positive impact on economic growth. Finally, the AII estimation unveiled that the innovation pillar is the most impactful aspect on economic growth followed by education and skills with the least being information and communication technology infrastructure. Feasible policy recommendations are further suggested.</text>
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                <text>Knowledge-Based software Engineering</text>
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                <text>Jain L.C. and Howlett R.J.(eds)</text>
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                <text>L’enseignement/apprentissage en ligne du français langue étrangère au Ghana: quels avantages d’un recours au numérique</text>
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                <text>Michael Owusu Tabiri</text>
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                <text>Cet article examine l'importance du numérique dans l’enseignement/apprentissage du français langue étrangère au Ghana. En effet, dans ce pays anglophone, l’omniprésence d’Internet et le développement d’applications en ligne ont donné lieu à de nouveaux procédés d’enseignement-apprentissage du français, langue étrangère. Notre étude qui s’ appuie sur les résultats d’une enquête empirique s’ interroge sur le caractère novateur et pertinent du recours aux nouvelles technologies dans l’enseignement-apprentissage du français et met en évidence les avantages de cette innovation pédagogique.</text>
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                <text>This research work seeks to assess how computing, through teleconferencing could be used to contribute to the effectiveness of language teaching/learning in Africa, in general, and in Ghanaian universities, in particular through socio-cognitive and communicative language teaching approaches, explorative and investigative research. The study addresses the impact of French language on teaching/learning of English via teleconferencing teaching and learning in English. Language transfer has always occurred face-to-face delivery of teaching and learning but this research seeks to emphasise the results of learners’ performance through technology in didactics known as teleconferencing teaching and learning with the particular emphasis on errors committed. The study applies cognitive and socio-cognitive approaches to teaching/learning of languages via teleconferencing as well as using contrastive analysis to analyse common errors Francophone learners commit in English language (L3). It was discovered that the errors committed were due to language incompetence or perception blind spot or due to their background as francophone learners who have English language as L3, as well as overgeneralisation and wrong application of English structures. The paper stresses that language transfer or negative transfer either face-to-face teaching/learning or teleconferencing is concomitant of human existence, particularly in language teaching and learning.</text>
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                <text>Theresa Obuobisa-Darko, Kwame Ameyaw Domfeh</text>
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                <text>Purpose&#13;
The purpose of this paper is to identify the behaviour of leaders that enhances employee engagement (EE) in organisations. It locates the importance of EE and the role leaders play within the public sector in a developing country and finds answer to the question on the behaviour of the leader that causes employees to be engaged.&#13;
Design/methodology/approach&#13;
The paper uses qualitative method to identify the behaviour of leaders that causes and enhances employees to be engaged. It proposes a framework outlining what the leader does to ensure EE.&#13;
Findings&#13;
Based on results of data analysed, six behaviours of leaders were identified: seeking employee welfare and caring; openness and information flow; conscientiousness; good and cordial relationship; fairness and trust and lastly involvement in decision making.&#13;
Research limitations/implications&#13;
Limitation of the study was that it did not focus on the …</text>
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                <text>Leader’s Role in Employee Performance and Engagement</text>
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                <text>Theresa Obuobisa-Darko</text>
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                <text>The United States has had a long association with labor unions. Among the pioneers was the National Association of Letter Carriers, which lobbied Congress to pass an 8-h workday in 1888. Unions were also responsible for passing important legislation such as the Lloyd-La Follette Act (1912), the Retirement Act (1920), and the Classification Act (1923), which supported employee rights. These and other laws demonstrate the importance of labor unions in personnel management. Overall, unions are tasked with negotiating for better wages and benefits. In addition, unions work toward the elimination of arbitrariness in employer actions. Although organizing has benefits to employees, there are also consequences for unionization. Primarily, unions tend to drive up organizational costs and frequently cause disruptions, especially if they resort to work stoppage and strikes. Strikes have had the tendency to lower public …</text>
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