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                <text>River discharge data offer a rich source of information for reservoir management and flood control, if modelling can separate out the effects of rainfall, land use, soil type, relief, and weather conditions. In this paper, we model river discharge data from the Black Volta River, using Generalised Additive Mixed Models (GAMMs) with a space-time interaction represented via a tensor product of continuous time and discrete space. River discharge data from January 2000 to December 2009 for the four gauge stations along the Black Volta River namely, Lawra, Chache, Bui and Bamboi were obtained from the hydrological services department of Ghana and used for model fitting. Four GAMMs were explored, two with space-time interactions and two without space-time interactions. The comparison of the performance of the models with space-time interactions and those without space-time interactions based on Akaike Information Criterion (AIC) and Bayesian Information Criterion (BIC) suggests that in this application, the former is better overall and in particular for modelling local variations. Further, a model with space and time main effects performed better compared with one without space and time main effects. After model selection, checking and validation, there is evidence for increasing river discharge from the most upstream gauge station to the most downstream gauge station for the study period.</text>
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                <text>Getting Distance Learning to a Tipping Point Ideas from Malcolm Gladwell</text>
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                <text>According to Gladwell (2002), social phenomena such as fashion trends, crime rates, teenage smoking, infectious diseases etc. often witness, at some particular point in time, a sudden and dramatic turn in activity, catapulting them into epidemic proportions. This tipping point of social epidemics is often attributed to one or more factors. For example when in the 1990s, crime rate in New York City suddenly dropped over 60% in 5 years, the New York City police attributed it to effective policing strategies. Criminologists on the other hand cited the decline in illicit drug trade as the main reason, whilst economists pointed to the improvement of the city's economy. Though each reason given was true to some extent, a critical analysis revealed that, none of them, either in isolation or together with the others, could wholly account for the dramatic drop in crime rate (Gladwell, 2002). So what happened?</text>
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                <text>There are worries concerning the effects of the conflicts on national and sub-regional security and stability (Aapengnuo, 1996), especially with reference to economic growth and development. Aapengnuo (1996) observed that almost seventy percent (70%) of the inhabitants live below the national poverty line, compared to the national average of 27%.&#13;
Since the 1980s the dark cloud of the notorious “northern conflicts” has been a public issue. It reached its peak in the Dagomba-Konkomba conflict during the early part of 1994 (Kombat, 2008). The Bunkpurugu/Yunyoo District was also engulfed in inter-ethnic conflicts in 1985. The conflict began when Bimoba (Moab) and Komba (a section of Konkombas) clashed at the Bimbagu Market. Described by the media as “The Mango Conflict,” the Bimoba-Komba conflict occasioned widespread killings and immeasurable burning of houses (Kombat, 2008).</text>
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                <text>The main goal of the research was to explore the lived experiences of Ghana's ICT in Education Policy makers and their impact on ICT education in Ghana. The research used Odorgonno Senior High School (OSHS) as a case study to ascertain how ICT is being implemented. The Assistant headmaster, teachers and students were interviewed to ascertain their ICT use in the school. The study used a phenomenological case study as a research design to explore the lived experiences of the respondents. In all, 30 respondents took part in the study. The findings of the study have shown that as much as Ghana's ICT Policy makers have immensely worked towards the development of the ICT policy document, the implementation of the policy was fraught with operational and leadership challenges. ICT in education implementation process at OSHS was bedeviled with problems such as inadequate ICT facilities, poor …</text>
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                <text>The study was conducted to determine the number of rejected eggs, causes and economic implica-tions among three egg-type strains in a commercial poultry farm. A total of eight thousand layers were used for the on-farm study. Total eggs for each strain were determined by recording and counting each day’s production. The defective eggs were sorted out and the totals were recorded. Percentage for the defective eggs were then calculated. Data were taken four times a day at partic-ular time intervals. Strains 1 and 2 were 47 weeks and strain 3 was 82 weeks old at the start of the study. Data collected were analysed using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) with the aid of Genstat, Fifteenth Edition (2012) and the treatment means were separated using the Tukey’s Stu-dentized Range Test. Strain 2 produced the highest number of eggs (p&lt; 0.05) but recorded the low-est percentage of defective eggs (p&lt; 0.05). Strain 3 produced the lowest number of eggs (p&lt; 0.05) and yet recorded the highest percentage of defective eggs (p&lt; 0.05). The number of eggs collected and the percentage of defective eggs were significantly different (p&lt; 0.0) among the strains. The total economic loss as a result of defective was GH¢ 17, 106.43 with strain 3 recording the highest economic loss (GH¢ 8, 304. 77) followed by strain 1 (GH¢ 6, 022.76) which also recorded a higher economic than strain 2 (GH¢ 2, 778.90). It can be concluded that all other factors being equal, strain and age influence the percentage of defective eggs with the type of strain used either in-creasing or decreasing the number of defective eggs; and with older birds producing more defec-tive eggs …</text>
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                <text>This study investigated Ghanaian higher education students' perceptions of collaborative online learning against the backdrop of limited information and communication technology infrastructure as pertains in most parts of the developing world, with the belief that understanding these perceptions can assist educators in the design and development of suitable and appropriate online learning environments. Adopting an input-process-output theoretical framework, qualitative analytical techniques were used to explore the attitudes, experiences and perceptions of 25 undergraduate students as they engaged in a semester-long online course at a Ghanaian university. Findings suggest that students' perceptions of collaborative online learning are most influenced by their individual learning styles, motivation, skills and abilities, and to a lesser extent by pedagogy, technology and the institutional support services. The …</text>
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