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The extant literature posits several claims about the equitable resources allocation through compliance in public procurement management. Notwithstanding, there are hardly any empirical studies that explore the link between the causes and extent of compliance on one hand and value for money (VfM) on the other hand. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the efficacy of public procurement laws in ensuring VfM in a developing country context.&#13;
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                <text>In this paper, we model the causes of power‐related network outages in Ghana using discrete‐time Markov chains. We used data consisting of 2,756 small‐scale carrier telecommunications outages occurring in Ghana, with accompanying root causes over a period of 5 years and 8 months, from August 2015 to April 2021. The results indicate that the majority (n = 1,404) of the network outages were caused by the generators while the least number (18) of outages were caused by a communication equipment. However, longer network outages were caused by fuel issues with an average outage time of 1,027.82 min over the study period. The transition probability matrix obtained from the data revealed that regardless of the present cause of the network outage, the probability that the next network outage will be caused by the generators is higher than the probability that the outage will be attributable to any other …</text>
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                <text>The Impact of Local Content on Ghana’s Oil and Gas Economy: Global Perspective &#13;
A Case Study of Local Content: L.I.2204 &#13;
&#13;
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                <text>Ibrahim Bawumia Abdul Rahaman </text>
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                <text>Following the discovery of Ghana’s oil and gas in 2007 of larger and commercial quantities, the expectations of Ghanaians and communities where the exhaustible natural resource “black gold” was found, went high thereby compelling Policy makers in the country “Government of Ghana” (GOG) and other key stakeholders who are equally anxious to obtain the greatest benefits of the exhaustible natural resource. This triggered, the initiation and subsequent implementation of the L.I.2204 in 2013 to help impact positively on the Ghanaian economy and global impact as well.&#13;
The rational of conducting this qualitative and quantitative (crossed sectional research) was to determine the extent of the impact local content has had on Ghana’s oil and gas economy: and the global perspective of the L.I.2204, the local content requirement of L.I. 2204 of the petroleum upstream sector. The prospective implications of this research is for bringing about social positive changes which includes; the organization of lectures and seminars by the petroleum commission of Ghana aimed at informing indigenous Ghanaians and local companies about the various opportunities of the local content L.I.2204. The local content L.I.2204 has what it takes to alleviating poverty in the Ghanaian economy and also the enhancement of the broader economic growth and development.&#13;
Finally, it is for this reason the research was focused on the impact of local content L.I.2204 of oil and gas on the Ghanaian economy and the global perspective; how the world views the L.I.2204. It is my hope and believe that the petroleum commission and its key stakeholders will do more in generating jobs as a requisite requirement of the L.I.2204, doing more in generating revenue for government and engaging more in dialoging with multinational petroleum companies which will give Ghana a competitive edge in attracting more investors in to the Ghana oil and gas upstream industry.</text>
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&#13;
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                <text>Since the outbreak of COVID-19 in China, in December 2019, almost no country in the world has been spared the devastation caused by the pandemic. In this paper, I model and analyze the trend of COVID-19 in Africa along space and time, in order to provide accurate and reliable predictions of the dynamics of the disease in Africa. Data on daily confirmed cases of COVID-19 for fiftytwo countries in Africa from February 14, 2020 to December 04, 2020 were obtained from “Our World in Data”(OWID). A model that captures space-time dependence was fitted to the data and used for analysis. The results indicate that the second wave of the pandemic in Africa is yet to reach its peak. The results also indicate that countries in Africa have been affected by the disease to a very heterogeneous extent during this period. It was also observed that the average reproduction of the disease within countries in Africa, which is known as the autoregressive effect was about 0.46 while the neighbourhood effect, which is the transmission of the disease from adjacent countries, was quite negligible. The seasonality-adjusted factor which indicates how the basic endemic incidence increases per day was observed to be about 1.23 while the epidemic proportion of the disease incidence in Africa was found to be 46%. These findings, indicating where and when the incidence of the disease will be high may be useful for public health decisionmaking, as they provide time to intervene on the local public health systems.</text>
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                <text>Negative stereotypes about physically challenged people result in discriminatory social policies which in turn reinforce or confirm negative attitudes that greatly affects them as they strive to function in the society, these problems create some difficulties as the physically challenged persons strives to effectively play active role in various sectors of the society. The main objective of this study was to identify the category of people who perpetuate discriminatory practices against physically challenged people in Tamale metropolis of Ghana. Questionnaires and interview guide were used to collect data for the study. Discriminant analysis using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) was then performed on the collected data. The results revealed that" survey respondents who had discriminated either consciously or unconsciously against people with disabilities were more likely to be less than 40 years in terms of age, male in terms of sex, educated with regards to formal education, and working in the formal sector in terms of occupation than survey respondents who had never discriminated against people with disabilities."</text>
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                <text>The use of Spatial Bayesian Vector Autoregressive (SBVAR) models for river flow forecasting is studied in this paper. SBVAR models based on both the First Order Spatial Contiguity (FOSC) and the Random-Walk Averaging (RWA) priors were estimated and compared in terms of forecast performance. Monthly data on river flows from January 2000 to December 2009 for the four gauge stations along the Black Volta River namely, Lawra, Chache, Bui and Bamboi was obtained from the hydrological services department of Ghana and used for model fitting. The estimation and forecasting procedure was conducted using the Econometrics Toolbox in MATLAB. Mean Absolute Percentage Errors (MAPEs) were calculated for all models considered. The results indicated very good forecasts for all the models considered. However, a comparison among them clearly indicated a much better performance by the SBVAR model based on the RWA prior which considered flows from only the immediate upstream gauge station as important while flows from all other gauge stations were considered unimportant.</text>
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