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                  <text>Faculty of IT Business</text>
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                <text>Cultivating social capital:&#13;
an exploratory analysis of business&#13;
postgraduates in Ghana</text>
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                <text>Robert Ebo Hinson</text>
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                <text>Purpose – This paper, grounded on social capital and social networking theory, examines how postgraduate&#13;
students in Ghana cultivate and utilise social resources towards career development.&#13;
Design/methodology/approach – Following a qualitative study design, the authors recruited and&#13;
conducted interviews with postgraduate student-workers undertaking a two-year Master of Science in&#13;
International Business.&#13;
Findings – There was an active engagement and consciously pre-plan mobilisation of social resources and&#13;
utilisation of social resources among the postgraduates. Despite the diverse processes of social capital&#13;
development identified, four important key themes emerged underpinning social capital mobilisation and&#13;
utilisation: (1) the recognition of the importance of social capital acquisition, (2) the strong link between social&#13;
capital and individual successes in employment and business opportunities, (3) the importance of the utilisation&#13;
of social resources for emotional support and (4) the use of social capital to reinforce the individual social&#13;
identity and recognition of an individual’s worth.&#13;
Practical implications – The authors offer a theoretical and practical contribution with a frame of&#13;
understanding by demonstrating that there is more to social capital than economic gain.&#13;
Social implications – Unlike the findings from prior research in Africa, the strong institutional and cultural&#13;
conditions did not constrain the key force of education and employability as drivers in attainment and social&#13;
positioning. This is an interesting and positive finding from the research, especially in terms of the importance&#13;
of providing educational opportunities to overcome institutional and cultural barriers to workforce&#13;
participation and career development.&#13;
Originality/value – Social networks contribute to career success, and while the participants used social&#13;
networks that reinforced ethnic and religious bonds, there is the opportunity to develop networks through&#13;
other identity processes, especially education. Formal education imparts more than formal skills and&#13;
qualifications. It provides the opportunity to access networks that transcend personal identity such as ethnicity&#13;
and to get support for career development.&#13;
Keywords Social capital, Social networking, Higher education, Qualitative methods, Ghana&#13;
Paper type Research paper</text>
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                <text>The Relationship between Starch Microstructure</text>
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                <text>SK Sefa-Dedeh, EO Afoakwa</text>
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                <text>The trifoliate yam, Dioscorea dumetorum tuber is the most nutritious among the yam species consumed. Its consumption is however constrained by a rapid post-harvest hardening phenomenon that occurs after 24 hours of harvest, rendering them unsuitable for human consumption.</text>
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                <text>This chapter provides case illustrations at the sub-regional creative hubs from East to West, and North to South Africa. Starting off with a broad overview of creative hubs – notably African Tech Hubs, and how they have been at the forefront of culture and innovation on the continent, the chapter moves on to discuss a few examples from the Co-Creation Hub in Lagos Nigeria to the South African Cultural Observatory, Starplace Hub and Playable City Lagos. A Sectoral Journey in other Places &amp; Spaces is also undertaken from the African Literature sub-sector to the Music and Fashion sub-sectors. Finally, a selection of Art Galleries and Cultural Centres such as The Bruce Onobrakpeya Foundation and the Nike Center for Art and Culture and the Dak’Art Biennial, Dakar, Senegal are highlighted alongside the Kó Art Space, Lagos, Nigeria.</text>
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                <text>Catalysts for Social Media Adoption in the Public Sector in Africa</text>
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                <text>This chapter aims to provide an understanding of the factors that serve as catalysts for social media adoption by public sector firms in Africa. Using the Technology Organisation Environment (TOE) framework, this chapter explains how social media technology is adopted and used by public sector organisations in Africa. Social media adoption is an organisational context, and hence the TOE can best be used to understand the factors affecting the adoption of the technology. On the technological factors, African countries have the capability to fully use their technological capabilities to introduce all social media platforms. The crucial issue of concern is that public sector organisations must see social media as having potential benefits to promote communications. The external environmental factors involving pressure from government and citizens for public sector organisations to use social media is mainly due to the increasing use of the technology by citizens across Africa. In most African countries, governments have policies in place to take advantage of the enormous benefits of social media. This chapter argues that several organisational factors, including top management support, resource availability, and skilled human resource to sustain social media technologies are significant tonic factors that catalyse the adoption of social media by Africa’s public sector.</text>
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                <text>This chapter aims to provide an understanding of the factors that serve as catalysts for social media adoption by public sector firms in Africa. Using the Technology Organisation Environment (TOE) framework, this chapter explains how social media technology is adopted and used by public sector organisations in Africa. Social media adoption is an organisational context, and hence the TOE can best be used to understand the factors affecting the adoption of the technology. On the technological factors, African countries have the capability to fully use their technological capabilities to introduce all social media platforms. The crucial issue of concern is that public sector organisations must see social media as having potential benefits to promote communications. The external environmental factors involving pressure from government and citizens for public sector organisations to use social media is mainly due to the increasing use of the technology by citizens across Africa. In most African countries, governments have policies in place to take advantage of the enormous benefits of social media. This chapter argues that several organisational factors, including top management support, resource availability, and skilled human resource to sustain social media technologies are significant tonic factors that catalyse the adoption of social media by Africa’s public sector.</text>
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                <text>Application of response surface influence of soaking, blanching a salt concentration on some methodology for studying the rid sodium hexametaphosphate biochemical and physical …</text>
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                <text>Emmanuel Ohene Afoakwa, Samuel Errie Yenyi</text>
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                <text>Response surface methodology and central composite design for K = 3 was used to study the combined effect of blanching time (0-12 min), soaking time (0-24 h) and sodium hexametaphosphate [(NaPO3)(6)] salt concentration (0-1%) on moisture, ash, leached solids, phytates, tannins and hardness (texture) of cowpeas during canning. Regression models were developed to predict the effects of variables on the studied indices. Blanching, soaking and salt concentration all had significant positive effects on moisture content, ash content. leached solids, phytates, tannins and hardness of the canned cowpeas with significant interaction between all the factors with high regression coefficients (72.0-91.4%). The use of blanching and soaking prior to canning led to increasing moisture content and leached solids while significant decreases were observed for phytates, tannins and hardness of the canned cowpeas …</text>
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                <text>ELSEVIER SCI LTD</text>
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                <text>2006</text>
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                <text>https://scholar.google.com/citations?view_op=view_citation&amp;amp;hl=en&amp;amp;user=EZuX1N8AAAAJ&amp;amp;cstart=100&amp;amp;pagesize=100&amp;amp;citation_for_view=EZuX1N8AAAAJ:KxtntwgDAa4C</text>
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                <text>Canning Technology–Recent Advances Through Optimization and Modelling Techniques</text>
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EO Afoakwa</text>
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                <text>Nova Science Publishers, Inc</text>
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                <text>African Network for School Feeding Programmes–The Issues, Developments, Challenges and Strategies</text>
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Eva Rabinowics, SLI, admitted that we do share food to some extent today through food aid, but that is no long term solution. Climate change will lead to crop failure and shortages. The present price spike on food is due to low global stocks. We need to develop systems for both aid and storage capacity. Global sharing of food and/or improved storage capacity would lower the future risk for price spikes. She also suggested that Sida funds should be used for infrastructure development (e.g. for storage). Gity Behravan, Sida, commented that African Union and NEPAD had identi fied the need for infrastructure development and are looking for partners in that process. Sida is one of them. Erik Karltun, SLU, brought three questions into the discussion: How much research will focus on diseases? How resilient are soils? What implications on future research does the need for adaptation to drought have? Anders …</text>
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                <text>Effects of polymeric coating and anti-fungal treatment on the shrinkage characteristics of pineapple fruits during storage</text>
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                <text>George Sodah Ayernor, Emmanuel Ohene Afoakwa, Paa Kow Bartels, Agnes Simpson Budu</text>
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                <text>The combined effects of polymeric coatings and anti-fungal treatment on the shrinkage characteristics of pineapple fruits during postharvest storage were evaluated. A 2×2×10 factorial experiment was performed with polymeric coatings (0 and 5%), anti-fungal treatment (0 and 0.01%), and storage time (0–10 days) as the factors. The shrinkage evolution, shell color break, and crown withering index were evaluated using standard analytical methods. Regression models were developed to predict the variables and their effects on the studied indices. The results showed that the polymeric coating, anti-fungal treatment, and storage time significantly (p &lt; 0.05) influenced the shrinkage evolution, shell color break, and crown withering index of the fruits and very high regression coefficients (87.2–99.3%) were noted among the indices. The 5% polymeric coating with fungicide at 0.01% significantly arrested the shrinkage …</text>
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                <text>Taylor &amp; Francis Group</text>
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                <text>https://scholar.google.com/citations?view_op=view_citation&amp;amp;hl=en&amp;amp;user=EZuX1N8AAAAJ&amp;amp;cstart=100&amp;amp;pagesize=100&amp;amp;citation_for_view=EZuX1N8AAAAJ:wbdj-CoPYUoC</text>
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                  <text>Food Science </text>
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                <text>Effect of Polymeric Coating on the Post-Harvest Quality Characteristics of Pineapple cv.‘Smooth Cayenne’Fruits</text>
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                <text>George Sodah Ayernor, E Ohene Afoakwa, Paa Kow Bartels, Agnes Simpson Budu</text>
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                <text>Investigations were conducted to determine the effect of polymeric coating on the post-harvest quality characteristics of pineapple (Ananas comosus) cv.‘Smooth Cayenne’fruits. A 4× 2× 4 factorial experimental design with polymeric coating concentration (0, 5, 7.5 and 10%), storage temperature (8 and 28 C) and storage period (0, 4, 7 and 10 days) was performed. Vitamin C, total sugars, titratable acidity, astringency index, pH, translucency and fruit texture were determined using standard analytical methods. Storage significantly (P 0.05) decreased vitamin C and total sugar content with a concomitant increase in acidity, astringency, translucency and fruit texture. Low temperature storage however minimized the effect of the observed differences. Polymeric coating influenced the physical and chemical qualities of the fruits with 5 and 7.5% polymeric coatings being the most effective preservative levels. Polymeric coating can therefore be applied to pineapple cv.‘Smooth Cayenne’fruits prior to storage to effectively prolong the chemical and physical quality characteristics of the fruits.</text>
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Tempering, polymorphism and fat crystallization during industrial chocolate manufacture: regimes, behaviours and their effects on finished chocolate quality</text>
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                <text>EO Afoakwa, A Paterson</text>
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                <text>Tempering, a technique of shearing chocolate mass at controlled temperatures is used to promote cocoa butter crystallization in a thermodynamically stable polymorphic form. During chocolate manufacture, the process is used to obtain the stable form V (or β2) of cocoa butter having a melting temperature of 32-34 °C, which gives the desired glossy appearance, good snap, contraction and enhanced shelf life characteristics. However, the tempering sequences, their behaviour during pre-crystallization, the consequential regimes attained and their effects on product quality characteristics are not very well understood. Variations in temper regimes attained during pre-crystallization of chocolates influence their crystallinity, polymorphic status and other physical quality characteristics. Over-tempering causes increases in product hardness, stickiness with reduced gloss and darkening of product surfaces. Under …</text>
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                <text>Materials Science</text>
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