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                  <text>Food Science </text>
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                <text>E Ohene Afoakwa, P Alistair</text>
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                <text>(In Press) Nova Science Publishers Inc.(2010).</text>
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                  <text>Food Science </text>
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Effect of Cowpea Addition and Fermentation on the Biochemical and Sensory Characteristics during Co-Fermentation of Cassava (Manihote esculenta Crantz) and Cowpea (Vigna …</text>
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                <text>Agnes Simpson Budu, Emmanuel Ohene Afoakwa, Vincentia Naa Ayele Hammond, Anna Lartey</text>
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                <text>Processing cassava into gari enhances the palatability as well as the shelf life of the otherwise highly perishable fresh cassava roots. However, cassava has low protein content and hence fortifying it with cowpea would help improve its nutritive value. This study investigated the influence of cowpea addition and fermentation on the biochemical, chemical and sensory characteristics of cowpea-fortified gari. A 4 x 4 factorial experiment was conducted with fermentation time (0, 24, 48 72h) and cowpea concentration (0, 10, 20 and 30%) as variables. Samples were analyzed for their biochemical and sensory characteristics. Starch and reducing sugars decreased from 62.27% to 55.57% and 406 mg/g to 153.5 mg/g respectively, with cowpea fortification and fermentation time from 0% to 30% cowpea fortification after 72h. Amylose content increased from 9.8% to 40.9% with increasing levels of cowpea fortification but no significant difference with fermentation time. Protein content increased with cowpea fortification from 2.60% for the unfortified gari sample to 9.85% with the 30% cowpea fortification whilst fat content increased from 0.38% to 0.79%. Crude fiber however reduced from 3.15% to 2.35% with increasing level of cowpea fortification. The degree of lightness (L) decreased with consequential reduction yellowness (b*) with increase cowpea levels irrespective of the fermentation time. L-value decreased from 90.09 in the 0% cowpea gari to 74.65 with 30% cowpea fortification. The 10% cowpea fortified gari was the most preferred in terms of colour, taste, mouth-feel and overall acceptability. Cowpea fortified gari can contribute to food security in …</text>
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                <text>2012</text>
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                <text>Effects of pulp preconditioning on total polyphenols, o-diphenols and anthocyanin concentrations …</text>
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                <text>Emmanuel Ohene Afoakwa, JE Kongor, JF Takrama, Agnes Simpson Budu, H Mensah-Brown</text>
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                <text> Changes in total polyphenols, O-diphenols and anthocyanin concentrations during fermentation and drying of pulp pre-conditioned cocoa (Theobroma cacao) beans were investigated using standard analytical methods. Increasing pod storage, fermentation and drying led to variable reductions in total polyphenols, O-diphenols and anthocyanins content of the beans. The rates of reduction were however more pronounced during fermentation than pod storage and drying. Storage of cocoa pods between 3-7 days with 6 and 7 days of fermentation and drying respectively retained 85%-90% of the total polyphenol and O-diphenols of the cocoa beans. Similarly, anthocyanin content of beans from the 10 days of pod storage decreased by 70% in the sixth day of fermentation. Pod storage decreased the anthocyanin content at all periods of fermentation. These suggest that the post-harvest treatments of pod storage …</text>
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                <text>Wiley-Blackwell Publishers</text>
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                <text>2013</text>
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                <text>https://scholar.google.com/citations?view_op=view_citation&amp;amp;hl=en&amp;amp;user=EZuX1N8AAAAJ&amp;amp;cstart=100&amp;amp;pagesize=100&amp;amp;citation_for_view=EZuX1N8AAAAJ:ThYxFsVAhEkC</text>
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                <text>Phosphate and Sulphate Adsorptions in Bungor Series Soil</text>
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                <text>Henry Mensah-Brown, Emmanuel Ohene Afoakwa, WB Wadie</text>
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                <text>Phosphate and sulphate adsorption in Bungor series soil were studied using soil sample and equilibrated with 0.1 M CaCl2 containing concentrations of phosphate and sulphate of 0, 50, 100, 200, 400, 800 and 1200µg-1 phosphate and sulphate was determined using double beam spectrophotometer. The result of the study shows that Bungor series soil has high capacity to adsorb phosphate and sulphate ions</text>
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                <text>2014</text>
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                <text>Nutritional and sensory characterization of full fat and partially defatted peanut soy milk yoghurt</text>
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                <text>Emmanuel Ohene Afoakwa, Fidelis Mawunyo Kpodo</text>
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                <text>Yoghurt produced by fermenting milk from peanut and soy milk are considered to have poor sensory attributes due to the off-flavours legumes generate in food products. Improvement in flavour requires a combination of treatments. This study employed three treatments (thermal, chemical and microbial) to develop full fat peanut-soy milk yoghurt (FPSY) and partially defatted peanut-soy milk yoghurt (DPSY). Proximate analysis and consumer studies were carried out on the 10 FPSY and 10 DPSY formulations developed using a three component constraint mixture design. Balanced Incomplete Block Design (BIBD) was used to assign samples to consumers and the optimized formulations were validated. Samples of the FPSY were high in crude protein and fat whereas the DPSY formulations were high in carbohydrate and total solids. Consumers preferred more soy milk in their full fat vegetable milk yoghurts but …</text>
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Cocoa Processing and Modern Chocolate Manufacturing Techniques.</text>
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                <text>Emmanuel Ohene Afoakwa, Alistair Paterson, Mark Fowler, Angela Ryan</text>
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                <text>Chocolate characters not only originate in flavor precursors present in cocoa beans, but are generated during post-harvest treatments and transformed into desirable odor notes in the manufacturing processes. Complex biochemical modifications of bean constituents are further altered by thermal reactions in roasting and conching and in alkalization. However, the extent to which the inherent bean constituents from the cocoa genotype, environmental factors, post-harvest treatment, and processing technologies influence chocolate flavor formation and relationships with final flavor quality, has not been clear. With increasing speciality niche products in chocolate confectionery, greater understanding of factors contributing to the variations in flavor character would have significant commercial implications. Keywords: Theobroma cacaogenetic origincocoa fermentationroastingconchingchocolate flavor</text>
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Announcement of my promotion to the rank of FULL PROFESSOR</text>
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                <text>Emmanuel Ohene Afoakwa</text>
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                <text>I am really humbled by the overwhelming response I have received from friends and well-wishers all over the world on my promotion. Thank you all for your congratulatory messages and wonderful responses.&#13;
Sincerely, I am grateful to you for the wonderful opportunity you gave me as a young academic to serve as Reviewer on your esteemed journal. Over the past decade, I have learnt a lot and derived great inspiration from you ever since I first met you October 2002 in Nairobi. Your dedication, commitment and professionalism have inspired me so much as a young and learning academic and these values have contributed tremendously to my success in academia. I really appreciate the opportunity to work with you and your team over the years.</text>
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                <text>Rural Outreach Program</text>
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Effects of pod storage and fermentation duration on total polyphenols, o-diphenols, and anthocyanin concentrations in cocoa (Theobroma cacao) beans</text>
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                <text>AMER CHEMICAL SOC</text>
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                  <text>Food Science </text>
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                <text>Physico-functional characteristics of Seven Different Yams (Dioscorea species) in Ghana</text>
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                <text>Delali Polycarp, Emmanuel Ohene Afoakwa, Agnes K Anane-Asamoah, Baako Haruna</text>
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                <text>This study was designed to characterize the most cultivated and consumed yam (Dioscorea) cultivars within the Ghanaian yam germplasm based on their physico-functional properties in order to assess their potential alternative food and industrial processing applications. Matured yam varieties grown and harvested under the same climatic and edaphic factors were obtained from the Roots and Tuber Conservatory Division of the Council for Scientific and Industrial Research-Plant Genetic Resources Research Institute, Bunso Ghana. Colour of bulk flour for each yam sample was measured using the Hunter Lab Colour Difference Meter. Functional properties such as water absorption capacity, swelling power and solubility index were determined using standard analytical procedures. Significant differences (p&lt; 0.05) existed among the yam varieties for their colour and functional properties. Flours of D. bulbifera and D. dumetorum had an attractive yellow colour while flour of D. esculenta recorded the highest whiteness (L= 84.09). D. esculenta had the highest swelling power (9.4%) and solubility index of 27.6%. No significant difference was observed in water absorption at 27 C and 70 C for all varieties except D. dumetorum. D. dumetorum flour had relatively high water absorption capacity of 295.9% in water at 27 C and 189.4% in water at 70 C. The findings from this research will be relevant to yam producers and processors in programmes aimed at developing new food/industrial processing applications using Ghanaian yams.</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="12732">
                <text>International Journal of Innovation and Applied Studies</text>
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                <text>2016</text>
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                  <text>Food Science </text>
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                <text>The impact of pod storage on the formation of different alkylpyrazines from Ghanaian cocoa roasted at four roasting temperatures</text>
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                <text>Ann De Winne, Michael Hinneh, Julie Haeck, Davy Van de Walle, Jim Van Durme, Emmanuel Ohene Afoakwa, Koen Dewettinck, Luc De Cooman</text>
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                <text>The typical flavour characteristics of cocoa are related to the cocoa bean genotype and the growing environmental conditions. However, the flavour does not exist in freshly harvested beans. Flavour is generated by a series of procedures that begins with occasional pod storage (PS) after harvesting, followed by fermentation of the beans, and roasting. PS implies storing harvested cocoa pods for a period of time before opening. The effect of PS is believed to be beneficial for the subsequent development of cocoa flavour in the cocoa beans [1]. During roasting, several volatile heterocyclic compounds are formed, among them alkylpyrazines. These newly formed compounds are considered to be key odour components. Among alkylpyrazines, tetramethylpyrazine and trimethylpyrazine, are the most abundant ones. Other alkylpyrazines with different substituents also contribute to the aroma profile. Hence, monitoring pyrazines can be helpful in optimizing roasting conditions of cocoa beans for attaining the desired aroma of the cocoa liquors. In several studies, cocoa volatiles have been measured using gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS), frequently using headspace solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME) to concentrate the volatiles.&#13;
The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of PS (0, 3, 7 days PS) and roasting temperature (100 C, 120 C, 140 C and 160 C) on the formation of alkylpyrazines in Ghanaian cocoa liquors. HS-SPME extraction of the alkylpyrazines was carried out with a DVB/CAR/PDMS fibre. The identified compounds were measured semiquantitatively and the results were statistically processed by multivariate …</text>
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                <text>Verlag der Technischen Universität Graz</text>
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                <text>2018</text>
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            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
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                <text>https://scholar.google.com/citations?view_op=view_citation&amp;amp;hl=en&amp;amp;user=EZuX1N8AAAAJ&amp;amp;cstart=100&amp;amp;pagesize=100&amp;amp;citation_for_view=EZuX1N8AAAAJ:edV_OwlUe4UC</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="12728">
                <text>English</text>
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