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                <text>Response surface methodology for optimizing the pre-processing conditions during canning of a newly developed and promising cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) variety</text>
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                <text>Cowpea (IT87D195Y) seeds were canned with the objective of investigating the optimal pre-processing conditions that would yield the best quality canned product from the newly developed cowpea variety. Pre-canning procedures such as blanching time, soaking time and sodium hexametaphosphate [(NaPO3)6] salt concentration were used as the independent variables for a Central Composite Rotatable Design (CCRD). The pre-processing parameters obtained from the CCRD were used for the canning of the cowpeas and the quality characteristics (moisture content, pH of the drained liquid, drained weight, splitting of the seeds, leached solids and seed hardness) of the canned products were studied using response surface methodology. Regression models were generated using regression analysis and used for the plotting of response surface curves. Adequacy of the model equation for predicting optimum …</text>
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                <text>Home grown school feeding programme: The Ghanaian model as icon for Africa</text>
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                <text>Acidification and starch behaviour during co-fermentation of cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) and soybean (Glycine max Merr) into gari, an African fermented …</text>
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                <text>Emmanuel Ohene Afoakwa, Edem John Kongor, George Amponsah Annor, Randy Adjonu</text>
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                <text>Changes in acidification and starch behaviour were investigated during co-fermentation of cassava and soybean into gari, an African fermented product. Non-volatile acidity, pH and starch content were evaluated using standard analytical methods. Starch breakdown and pasting characteristics were also analysed using a Brabender viscoamylograph. Fermentation caused significant variations in the pH, non-volatile acidity and starch concentration. The pH decreased with concomitant increases in non-volatile acidity during co-fermentation of the cassava dough. Soy fortification up to 20% caused only minimal effects on the pH, titratable acidity and starch content during the fermentation period. Starch content decreased from 69.8% to 60.4% within the 48 h fermentation time in the unfortified sample, with similar trends noted at all levels of fortification. Starch pasting characteristics showed varied trends in pasting …</text>
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                <text>Cowpea fortification of traditional foods</text>
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                <text>S Sefa-Dedeh, K Frimpong, EO Afoakwa, E Sakyi-Dawson</text>
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                <text>Changes in rheological properties and amylase activities of trifoliate yam, Dioscorea dumetorum, starch after harvest</text>
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                <text>Changes in rheological properties and amylase activities occurring in trifoliate yam, Dioscorea dumetorum, starch after harvest were investigated. Trifoliate yam tubers were harvested and stored under tropical ambient (28 °C) and cold room conditions (4 °C) for 12, 24 and 36 h. The D. dumetorum starches were extracted from the tubers under study and samples were evaluated for changes in their rheological properties (paste characteristics) during storage and to study the action of amylases on D. dumetorum starch after harvesting. The post-harvest activities of α and β-amylases were also studied to evaluate their rate of action on D. dumetorum starch. Storage caused decreases in the rheological properties (paste characteristics) of the tubers within 36 h of harvest. Similarly, α and β-amylase activities in the tubers more than doubled within 24 h after harvesting. Blanching, however, effectively decreased the action …</text>
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        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
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          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                <text>Influence of spontaneous fermentation on some quality characteristics of maize-based cowpea-fortified nixtamalized foods</text>
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            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
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                <text>Emmanuel Ohene Afoakwa, Samuel Sefa-Dedeh, Agnes Simpson Budu, Esther Sakyi-Dawson, Justice Asomaning</text>
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            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                <text>Spontaneous fermentation has been identified to improve the quality characteristics of foods derived from them. When combined with cowpea fortification and nixtamalization, it is expected to improve the nutritional, functional, physico-chemical and sensory qualities of maize based foods thereby improving the qualities as well as broadening the food processing techniques in sub-Saharan Africa. This study was therefore aimed at investigating the influence of spontaneous fermentation on the functional, physico-chemical and sensory characteristics of maize-based cowpeafortified nixtamalized foods. A 3x3x2 factorial experiment with fermentation time (0, 24, 48 h), cowpea (0, 10 and 20%) and alkaline treatment (nixtamalized and nonnixtamalized maize) was used. Samples were analyzed for pH, titratable acidity and water absorption capacity (27 C and 70 C). The blends were dried using the cabinet drier, milled into flour and processed into a snack food. The cylinder probe test was used in a TA-TX2 Texture Analyzer to measure the hardness of processed snack foods and sensory analysis was conducted to determine the acceptability of the snack products. The pH of all the nixtamalized samples decreased with fermentation time and cowpea fortification with concomitant increase in titratable acidity. Cowpea addition caused decreases in the pH from 9.68 to 6.12 in the unfermented nixtamalized samples. Contrary to this trend, general increases in titratable acidity were observed with fermentation and cowpea addition of the products. The water absorption capacities at both 27 C and 70 C of all the nixtamalized blends generally decreased with …</text>
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            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
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                <text>2007</text>
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            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="11687">
                <text>https://scholar.google.com/citations?view_op=view_citation&amp;amp;hl=en&amp;amp;user=EZuX1N8AAAAJ&amp;amp;pagesize=80&amp;amp;citation_for_view=EZuX1N8AAAAJ:4TOpqqG69KYC</text>
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            <name>Language</name>
            <description>A language of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="11688">
                <text>English</text>
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  <item itemId="1898" public="1" featured="0">
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          <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
          <elementContainer>
            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="10235">
                  <text>Food Science </text>
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              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
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      <description>A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.</description>
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        <name>Dublin Core</name>
        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
        <elementContainer>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="11677">
                <text>Effect of Blanching and Frying on Textural Profile and Appearance of Yam (Dioscorea rotundata) French Fries</text>
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          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="11678">
                <text>Seth Graham‐Acquaah, George S Ayernor, B Bediako‐Amoa, FS Saalia, Emmanuel Ohene Afoakwa, L Abbey</text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="11679">
                <text>Response surface methodology was employed to characterize the effects of blanching temperature, blanching time and final frying time on texture and appearance of fried yam chips produced from two cultivars of white yam (Dioscorea rotundata). Fifteen treatment combinations were derived from Box–Behnken design (k = 3) and run. Analysis of variance and multiple linear regression analyses were conducted to determine the effects of factors on the texture and color indices and to fit models for predicting the response variables. There were differences in the effects of the same set of factor combinations on textural attributes (hardness, fracturability, cohesiveness, gumminess and chewiness) and color (L, a, b) indices of the two cultivars used. Blanching temperature and frying time had a greater impact on texture and appearance of fried chips than blanching time. Adequately fitted models were derived for …</text>
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            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="11680">
                <text>2015</text>
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          <element elementId="48">
            <name>Source</name>
            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="11681">
                <text>https://scholar.google.com/citations?view_op=view_citation&amp;amp;hl=en&amp;amp;user=EZuX1N8AAAAJ&amp;amp;pagesize=80&amp;amp;citation_for_view=EZuX1N8AAAAJ:O3NaXMp0MMsC</text>
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            <name>Language</name>
            <description>A language of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="11682">
                <text>English</text>
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  <item itemId="1897" public="1" featured="0">
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          <name>Dublin Core</name>
          <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
          <elementContainer>
            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="10235">
                  <text>Food Science </text>
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              </elementTextContainer>
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      <name>Text</name>
      <description>A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.</description>
    </itemType>
    <elementSetContainer>
      <elementSet elementSetId="1">
        <name>Dublin Core</name>
        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
        <elementContainer>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="11672">
                <text>Storage characteristics and quality evaluation of cowpea-fortified traditional foods</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="11673">
                <text>EO Afoakwa</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="11674">
                <text>1996</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="48">
            <name>Source</name>
            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="11675">
                <text>https://scholar.google.com/citations?view_op=view_citation&amp;amp;hl=en&amp;amp;user=EZuX1N8AAAAJ&amp;amp;pagesize=80&amp;amp;citation_for_view=EZuX1N8AAAAJ:Zph67rFs4hoC</text>
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          <element elementId="44">
            <name>Language</name>
            <description>A language of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="11676">
                <text>English</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
        </elementContainer>
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  </item>
  <item itemId="1896" public="1" featured="0">
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        <src>https://repository.gctu.edu.gh/files/original/fc2cc0c001ad3d3031a7990851e69e00.pdf</src>
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          <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
          <elementContainer>
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              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="10235">
                  <text>Food Science </text>
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              </elementTextContainer>
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      <name>Text</name>
      <description>A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.</description>
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    <elementSetContainer>
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        <name>Dublin Core</name>
        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
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          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="11665">
                <text>Optimisation of processing conditions and rheological properties using stephan mixer as conche in small-scale chocolate processing</text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
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          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="11666">
                <text>Roger P Aidoo, Nathalie De Clercq, Emmanuel O Afoakwa, Koen Dewettinck</text>
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          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="11667">
                <text>This study investigated the suitability of Stephan mixer for use as conche during small-scale chocolate production in an attempt to reduce cost and processing time. Molten chocolate was processed using the Stephan mixer under different temperature and time combinations and Buhler Elk'Olino conche (as reference), and the flow properties (Casson plastic viscosity, Casson yield stress and thixotropy) were studied using a shear-rate-controlled rheometer. Optimum settings of 65 °C for 10 min at 443 g dry conching followed by 50 °C for 15 min at 443 g wet conching in the Stephan mixer resulted in similar flow properties as the reference sample. Increasing the blade rotary speed for both dry and wet conching resulted in a decrease in flow properties. The Stephan mixer proved to be suitable for conching small-scale (approximately 1 kg) chocolate productions and could be explored as a fast and cost-effective …</text>
              </elementText>
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          <element elementId="45">
            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="11668">
                <text>Oxford University Press</text>
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            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="11669">
                <text>2014</text>
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          <element elementId="48">
            <name>Source</name>
            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="11670">
                <text>https://scholar.google.com/citations?view_op=view_citation&amp;amp;hl=en&amp;amp;user=EZuX1N8AAAAJ&amp;amp;pagesize=80&amp;amp;citation_for_view=EZuX1N8AAAAJ:YFjsv_pBGBYC</text>
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          <element elementId="44">
            <name>Language</name>
            <description>A language of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="11671">
                <text>English</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
        </elementContainer>
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</itemContainer>
