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                <text>Response surface methodology was used to study the optimal pre-processing conditions that would yield the best quality canned product from bambara groundnuts. Pre-canning parameters such as blanching time, soaking time and sodium hexametaphosphate [(NaPO3) 6] salt concentration were used as the independent variables for a Central Composite Rotatable Design (CCRD) for the canning of the bambara groundnuts and the quality characteristics (moisture content, drained weight, leached solids and seed hardness) of the canned products. Regression models were generated and their adequacy used to predict the optimum response values using blanching time of 2-12 min, soaking time 0-24 h and salt concentration [(NaPO3) 6] of 0-1%. The optimal conditions were determined using regression models. The results revealed that soaking time, blanching time and salt concentration all significantly (p&lt; 0.05) influenced most of the quality indices of the canned products. Soaking and blanching caused significant reductions in the hardness of the seeds with consequential increases in the moisture content, drained weight and leached solids. The presence of the sodium salt influenced the hardness of the seeds. Increasing salt concentration increased the drained weight and seed hardness but decreased the splitting of the products. The optimal conditions required to achieve the optimum moisture content, pH level and other quality indices studied on the canned bambara groundnuts were blanching time of 5 mins, soaking time of 12 hours and [(NaPO3) 6] salt concentration of 0.5%.&#13;
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                <text>Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has impacted every aspect of human existence in a variety of ways. However, depending on how we interpret the impact of the pandemic, we may either despair or embrace challenges with hope. Several empirical findings and expert opinions have highlighted the significant negative impact of COVID-19 on economy, health and wellbeing, education, ecosystem and governance around the world. Amid all these negative effects on human existence, we claim that there are some silver linings across several domains such as health and wellbeing, education, eco-system and social connectedness, with the main benefit being adherence to public health measures which will be retained beyond the pandemic.</text>
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                <text>Characterization of melting properties in dark chocolates from varying particle size distribution and composition using differential scanning calorimetry.</text>
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                <text>Melting properties in dark chocolates processed from varying particle size distribution (PSD), fat and lecithin content were studied using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Compositional parameters were PSD (D90 (90% finer than this size) of 18, 25, 35 and 50 μm), fat (25%, 30% and 35%) and lecithin (0.3% and 0.5%) contents. Variations in PSD had no influence on crystallinity of products. Fat and lecithin content influenced the degree of crystallinity and melting properties (Tend, Tindex and DHmelt) of the products. Increasing fat content caused consistent increases in degree of crystallinity and crystal size distribution, thus effecting significant changes in Tend, Tindex and DHmelt of their derived products. Increasing lecithin content however reduced the crystal sizes in products. Particle size (PS) increases had limited effects on Tonset, Tpeak, and DHmelt independent of fat and lecithin content. Significant decreases in Tend and Tindex were noted with PS increases at all fat and lecithin contents. Similar increases in Tend and Tindex were noted with increases in fat content at all PS and lecithin levels. Contrary, increasing lecithin content in products resulted in significant decreases in Tend, Tindex and DHmelt. Thus, variations in fat and lecithin contents during dark chocolate manufacture influence the crystallinity of products, and with PSD, they all influence the melting index (duration) of their derived products</text>
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                <text>Promoting organisational fairness in the era of COVID-19 in the public service: the need for responsible leadership</text>
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                <text>The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has resulted in a volatile, uncertain, complex and ambiguous (VUCA) work environment for employees. This environment has created a situation that has brought fairness into the fore, especially with respect to how employees should be managed to ensure that organisations function smoothly. This is more important in the public sector, which has become the focal point for policy development and programme implementation to meet the exigencies of the time. At the same time, ensuring organisational fairness, demands that leadership is conscious about the needs of employees and to treat them fairly. What sort of leadership then is needed in such an environment? The chapter advocates for responsible leadership as better leadership style in enhancing organisational fairness in this environment.</text>
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                  <text>Food Science </text>
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                <text>Dark chocolate: effects of particle size distribution and composition on physical qualities and flavour volatiles release</text>
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                <text>Ohene Emmanuel Afoakwa</text>
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                <text>Rheological, texture and melting properties of dark chocolates were studied varying particle size distribution (PSD)[D₉₀ (90% finer than this size) of 18, 25, 35 and 50 µm], fat (25, 30 and 35%) and lecithin (0.3 and 0.5%) contents. Fat pre-crystallisation systems during tempering and fat bloom development were also investigated, and influences on product microstructure, texture, appearance (colour and gloss) and melting characteristics elucidated. Flavour volatile release from varying product matrices were characterised and quantified. Rheological, textural and melting properties were examined quantitatively using Haake rheometer, texture analyzer and differential scanning calorimetry respectively; surface colour and gloss with a HunterLab Colorimeter and Gloss meter respectively; microstructures by light, stereoscopic binocular and scanning electron microscopy; and flavour volatiles quantified by GC-MS and GC-Olfactometry. Multivariate regression, correlation and principal component analyses were employed to explore interrelationships among the rheological, textural and melting characteristics. The PSD, fat and lecithin contents significantly affected all rheological and textural parameters, with significant interactions among factors. Increasing particle size reduced all rheological and textural parameters with greatest effects noted with 25% fat and 0.3% lecithin, which reduced with increasing fat and lecithin contents. Statistical analyses revealed that fat exerted the greatest effect on variability in rheological, textural, melting properties and appearance followed by PSD and lecithin. Microstructures revealed wide variations in crystalline …</text>
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                <text>2008</text>
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                <text>https://scholar.google.com/citations?view_op=view_citation&amp;amp;hl=en&amp;amp;user=EZuX1N8AAAAJ&amp;amp;cstart=200&amp;amp;pagesize=100&amp;amp;citation_for_view=EZuX1N8AAAAJ:2P1L_qKh6hAC</text>
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                <text>Enhancing rural Ghanaian women’s economic empowerment: the cassava dough enterprise</text>
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                <text>Grounded in a qualitative case study design and relying on key informant interviews and focus group discussion, this study assesses the influence of the cassava dough enterprise on women’s economic empowerment in a rural Ghanaian community. Women in the study community are marginalised in accessing arable land, which is a critical livelihood asset. Cassava dough processing, which is a women-dominated activity, has become an alternative and lucrative business for women. Women's engagement in cassava dough processing is driven by myriad factors that are rooted in their sociocultural settings and gender norms. Women engaged in cassava dough processing and sales have enhanced their economic empowerment through increased access to regular income, improved financial autonomy and saving behaviour, and contributed to community development. The study recommends the need to …</text>
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                <text>Managing employee engagement in crisis situations in developing countries: The case for responsible leadership in the public sector in Ghana</text>
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                <text>Theresa Obuobisa-Darko, Emelia Amoako Asiedu, Frank Ohemeng, Kenneth Parku</text>
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                <text>Responsible leaders (RL) play a significant role in ensuring employee engagement and their successful management during crisis. Guided by the Protection Motivation Theory (PMT), the purpose of the study is to identify the dominant characteristics of Responsible Leaders (RL) and how these ensure employee engagement during crisis situation to contribute to theory, practice, and knowledge. The research is quantitative and used a questionnaire to collect data from 132 respondents in the public sector and analysed using structural equation model (SEM). Results showed that degree to which responsible leaders think and operate relationally is the most dominant characteristic which help build employees’ engagement in crisis situation in the public sector. The paper concludes with the limitations and recommendations for future research.</text>
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