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                <text>A paper is prepared for presentation at the D-8 ICPP6 Conference T02P05. Dissecting Public Policy Making in Africa: Theoretica, Analytical, and Methodological Perspectives …</text>
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                <text>Emelia Amoako-Asiedu, Frank Ohemeng, Theresa Obuobisa-Darko, Mr Kenneth Parku</text>
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                <text>The role of traditional leaders (chiefs) in national development in Africa continues to generate significant debate among academics, especially those in the political science, anthropology, and economics literature. Chiefs are seen as local developers, as well as democratic brokers, but not as policy brokers, and thus minimizing their role in the national policy making process. The chiefs' potentially constructive role in national development, is facilitating local development projects, and influencing public policies for national development. We challenge the idea that chiefs are local development and democratic brokers, but rather they serve as policy brokers, ensuring that policies that impact national development are developed by government for the betterment of citizens. We, aslo argue that chiefs continue to play an important role in the process of good governance by serving as policy brokers and this role needs to critically highlighted in the public policy literature. We attempt to answer these questions how effective have traditional rulers (Chiefs) been in their role as policy brokers in Ghana? What specific roles have chiefs played as brokers in the governance and how successful have they been? Using the desktop research approach, it was identified that these traditional leaders are considered as severing as policy brokers in their roles as effecting cultural change, resolving conflict, brokering development projects settling disputes on land, acting as intermediaries and expressing their legitimacy as well as democratic and policy brokers in their significant role in the national policy making process. The paper contributes to the discussion of the role …</text>
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                <text>Ghanaian Journal of Animal Science Journal/Ghanaian Journal of Animal Science/Vol. 11 No. 1 (2020)/Articles Open Access</text>
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                <text>The study was conducted to determine the number of rejected eggs, causes and economic implica-tions among three egg-type strains in a commercial poultry farm. A total of eight thousand layers were used for the on-farm study. Total eggs for each strain were determined by recording and counting each day’s production. The defective eggs were sorted out and the totals were recorded. Percentage for the defective eggs were then calculated. Data were taken four times a day at partic-ular time intervals. Strains 1 and 2 were 47 weeks and strain 3 was 82 weeks old at the start of the study. Data collected were analysed using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) with the aid of Genstat, Fifteenth Edition (2012) and the treatment means were separated using the Tukey’s Stu-dentized Range Test. Strain 2 produced the highest number of eggs (p&lt; 0.05) but recorded the low-est percentage of defective eggs (p&lt; 0.05). Strain 3 produced the lowest number of eggs (p&lt; 0.05) and yet recorded the highest percentage of defective eggs (p&lt; 0.05). The number of eggs collected and the percentage of defective eggs were significantly different (p&lt; 0.0) among the strains. The total economic loss as a result of defective was GH¢ 17, 106.43 with strain 3 recording the highest economic loss (GH¢ 8, 304. 77) followed by strain 1 (GH¢ 6, 022.76) which also recorded a higher economic than strain 2 (GH¢ 2, 778.90). It can be concluded that all other factors being equal, strain and age influence the percentage of defective eggs with the type of strain used either in-creasing or decreasing the number of defective eggs; and with older birds producing more defec-tive eggs …</text>
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                <text>Behavioural factors influencing the institutionalisation of performance management in the Ghanaian public sector</text>
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                <text>Emelia Amoako Asiedu</text>
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                <text>Citizens' expectations for efficiency from public servants have caused governments to evaluate employee performance at the public sector. This study sought to establish how behavioural factors influence the implementation and institutionalisation of performance management systems in the public sector. Scholars of performance managements' attribute the neglect of the behavioural aspect of PM as a major factor to the difficulty of its institutionalisation (Dodoo, 1996; Nkrumah, 1991; Ohemeng, 2009, 2011). The qualitative approach was adopted using in-depth interviews in selected ministries in the public service of Ghana. The study found that a successful institutionalisation of PM in Ghana will require giving prominence to behavioural factors such as perception, work attitudes, management interactions and commitments. We conclude that, successful PM in the Ghanaian civil service, requires a shift from the …</text>
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                <text>Re-Imagining Community-Based Tourism in Rural Africa Through Networks and Management Innovation</text>
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                <text>While community-based natural resource management appears common in Africa, management innovation (MI) in community-based tourism (CBT) on the continent has received limited attention. This chapter contributes to the innovative management of CBT promoted through recruiting actors that might seem remote ordinarily in tourism governance. We noted complexities in managing CBTs with multi-actors and diverse interests. Using actor network theory (ANT) and MI, we argue that CBT can be managed innovatively by recruiting diverse transnational, national and local actors, institutions, and discourses. It entails a complex and interactive engagement with actors that help in marketing, promoting, and tourism infrastructure development. MI in CBT is analysed within a network perspective of enrolling actors into a tourism system to pursue communal and corporate agenda. And lessons from CBTs in Ghana and South Africa highlight that (un)successful CBT is contingent on effective recruiting and enrolling of actors to promote resilient and inclusive tourism.</text>
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                <text>2021</text>
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                <text>Robert E. Hinson</text>
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                <text>Over the past few decades, cocoa has increasingly gained spectacular attention on the global market as it continues to become one of the most lucrative and heavily traded food commodities in the world. This has led to interesting continuous increases in cocoa production across the world, most especially by the four main growing countries in West Africa—Côte d’Ivoire, Ghana, Nigeria and Cameroon—now together providing~ 75% of the global cocoa market. Coupled with these and the recent expansion of cocoa production from Southeast Asia—Indonesia, Malaysia and Vietnam—has raised questions by various stakeholders in the cocoa business and processors in the confectionery industry over the quality of cocoa that enters the international market. That notwithstanding, the cocoa market has become far more sophisticated than it was in the 1990s and despite the challenges it faces it is still one of the largest …</text>
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                <text>Abdul Karim, Azila, Azrina Azlan, Amin Ismail, Puziah Hashim, Siti Abd Gani, Badrul Hisyam Zainudin, and Nur Azilah Abdullah. 2016.“Efficacy of Cocoa Pod Extract as Antiwrinkle …</text>
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                <text>Emmanuel Ohene Afoakwa, Alistair Paterson, Mark Fowler, Angela Ryan</text>
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                <text>Colmenero de Ledesma, Antonio.(1631) 1652. Chocolate; or, an Indian Drink. By the wise and moderate use whereof health is preserved, sickness diverted, and cured, especially the plague of the guts, vulgarly called the new Disease; fluxes, consumptions, &amp; coughs of the lungs, with sundry other desperate diseases by it also, conception is caused, the birth hastened and facilitated, beauty gain’d and continued. Translated by Capt. James</text>
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                <text>Setting Up Your Food Truck Business: Legalities, Setting Up Your Food Truck, Testing phase, Buyer Persona Analysis and Branding: Food Truck Business and Restaurants,# 3&#13;
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                <text>The extent to which roasting of depulped cocoa beans at varied roasting intensities influences the total polyphenolic content, total flavonoid content, and DPPH scavenging capacity of cocoa liquor remains underexplored. This study investigated the effect of mechanical depulping and roasting intensities on these parameters in Ghanaian cocoa beans. A 3× 3 full factorial design was employed, with depulping levels (0%, 50%, and 100%) and roasting conditions (110◦ C for 60 min, 120◦ C for 30 min, and 135◦ C for 10 min) as the principal factors. Cocoa beans were depulped mechanically, fermented for six days, dried at 55◦ C to a moisture content of 7, 8%, roasted, deshelled, and milled into cocoa liquor. The results showed that roasting intensity and mechanical depulping significantly influenced the studied parameters. Cocoa liquor obtained from mechanically depulped beans exhibited a higher total polyphenol content but lower flavonoid content and antioxidant capacity. Moderate roasting (120◦ C for 30 min) and low-temperature, long-time (110◦ C for 60 min) roasting processes preserved more flavonoids and antioxidant activity than high-temperature, short-time (135◦ C for 10 min) roasting. These findings highlight the importance of optimizing depulping and roasting conditions to balance the retention of bioactive compounds and antioxidant properties in cocoa liquor.</text>
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