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                <text>Enhancing the quality of school feeding programme in Ghana.“</text>
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                <text>Emmanuel Ohene Afoakwa</text>
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                <text>A nation's ability to harness its resources for development is partly based on the quality of human capital available. The cognitive and mental development of undernourished children is known to be deficient or delayed and can adversely affect school performance. If under-nutrition is present in educational institutions and is carried further in life (7-18 years age group) the health of the population is compromised. Proper nutrition is critical for optimal growth, development and the general well-being and academic performance of children. Access to good nutrition either at home or through the educational system can contribute to the elimination of malnutrition and all its associated health and developmental problems. In this regard, efforts to promote health should begin as early in life as possible and the educational institutional settings provide a good opportunity.&#13;
In Ghana, the Ministry of Food and Agriculture recognizes that the optimal use of Ghanaian food resources can contribute to addressing some of the challenges in institutional feeding in schools. This report therefore provides a critical review of nutritional status of children and the current state of institutional feeding in Ghana and the challenges faced with the current program.</text>
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                <text>Unpublished article. Legon: Department of Nutrition and Food Science</text>
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Cocoa processing and chocolate technology</text>
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                <text>Chocolates are semisolid suspensions of fine particles from sugar, cocoa, and milk (depending on type) that make up about 70% of the total weight of the product. ese particles are distributed throughout a continuous fat phase, which is mostly made up of cocoa butter (Afoakwa et al. 2007). e cocoa solids used are derived from beans obtained from fruit of the cocoa tree (Theobroma cacao), with world production dominated by Forastero varieties. Another type, Criollo, is presently rare in production. e Trinitario type is a diseaseresistant hybrid of Criollo and Forastero that is often regarded as a flavor bean and accounts for about 5% of world production (Afoakwa et al. 2008c). Growth of Forastero beans to give the trade name basic or bulk cocoa occurs mainly in West Africa and Brazil. Criollo (flavor cocoa) is largely grown in Central and South America. West Africa now produces between 70% and 75% of world cocoa …</text>
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Yield Gap Analysis in Oil Palm Production Systems in Ghana</text>
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                <text>Palm oil is the world’s most important edible oil crop, and in the Ghanaian economy, oil palm (Eleais guineensis) is the next most important perennial crop after cocoa. Since the early 2000s, the area under oil palm in Ghana expanded but average fruit bunch (FB) yields remained low at ~7 t ha-1 yr-1 in 2014, resulting in large yield gaps. Despite the pressing need to increase palm oil production and improve yields, knowledge of the underlying causes of poor yields in Ghana is lacking. The objective of this thesis was to analyse the factors that currently limit oil palm production on plantations and smallholder farms in Ghana and to assess opportunities to increase yields with improved agronomic practices. Using land suitability evaluation methods and yield gap analysis, a framework for yield intensification with ‘Best Management Practices’ (BMP) on existing mature oil palm plantings was developed. Data was …</text>
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Announcement of my promotion to the rank of FULL PROFESSOR</text>
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                <text>Emmanuel Ohene Afoakwa</text>
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                <text>I am really humbled by the overwhelming response I have received from friends and well-wishers all over the world on my promotion. Thank you all for your congratulatory messages and wonderful responses.&#13;
Sincerely, I am grateful to you for the wonderful opportunity you gave me as a young academic to serve as Reviewer on your esteemed journal. Over the past decade, I have learnt a lot and derived great inspiration from you ever since I first met you October 2002 in Nairobi. Your dedication, commitment and professionalism have inspired me so much as a young and learning academic and these values have contributed tremendously to my success in academia. I really appreciate the opportunity to work with you and your team over the years.</text>
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                <text>Rural Outreach Program</text>
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                <text>Response Surface Methodology for Studying the Quality Characteristics of Cowpea (Vigna Unguiculata)-Based Tempeh.</text>
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                <text>Response surface methodology was used to optimize the processing conditions in the preparation of cowpea tempeh. The independent factors studied were boiling time (varying from 5 to 30 min), incubation time (varying from 12 to 48 h) and incubation temperatures (varying from 25 to 50C), whereas the dependent factors were protein content, protein solubility, pH, titratable acidity and total color difference (using L, a* and b*). Regression models were generated and adequacy was tested with regression coefficients (R2) and the lack-of-fit tests. Optimum processing conditions were determined by method of superimposition. There was a strong and significant influence (P&lt; 0.01) of the quadratic effect of the incubation time on the protein content of the cowpea tempeh, with similar significance (P&lt; 0.01) noted in protein solubility with increasing boiling time. The optimum processing conditions observed for the preparation of cowpea tempeh were boiling time of about 20 min, incubation time of about 28 h and incubation temperature of about 37C.</text>
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Building Forum Network for Sustainable School Feeding Programmes</text>
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                <text>Proper nutrition is critical for optimal growth, cognitive development, general well-being and academic performance of children. Access to good nutrition either at home or through the educational system can contribute to the elimination of malnutrition and its associated health and developmental problems. In this regard, The 2005 UN World Summit recommended the expansion of local school feeding programmes, using home-grown foods where possible as one of the “Quick impact initiatives” to achieve the Millennium Development Goals, especially for rural areas facing the dual challenge of high chronic malnutrition and low agricultural productivity. Further to this, the New Partnership for Africa’s Development (NEPAD) Secretariat and UN Millennium Project Task Force on Hunger proposed that school feeding be linked with agricultural development through the purchase of locally/domestically produced food …</text>
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                <text>A nation's ability to harness its resources for development is partly based on the quality of human capital available. The cognitive and mental development of undernourished children is known to be deficient or delayed and can adversely affect school performance. If under-nutrition is present in educational institutions and is carried further in life (7-18 years age group) the health of the population is compromised. Proper nutrition is critical for optimal growth, development and the general well-being and academic performance of children. Access to good nutrition either at home or through the educational system can contribute to the elimination of malnutrition and all its associated health and developmental problems. In this regard, efforts to promote health should begin as early in life as possible and the educational institutional settings provide a good opportunity. In Ghana, the Ministry of Food and Agriculture …</text>
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HIV/AIDS and Agriculture in Africa: The Woman's Role in Agricultural Policy Formulation and Implementation</text>
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                <text>Human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immuno-deficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS) is frequently perceived as an individual health problem or as an epidemic with effects on morbidity or mortality, health care and costs. From such a perspective, the" AIDS epidemic" emerges as a series of more or less clearly defined epidemics, each with characteristics of the subsystem in which it occurs and, together, forming a pandemic. HIV/AIDS is transmitted through heterosexual and homosexual intercourse, intravenous drug use (IDU), homosexual or based on blood transfusion. These aspects are very important, but they are not the only possible dimensions of the epidemic (Semba and Tang, 1999). Sub-Saharan Africa accounts for more than 70 per cent of all HIV/AIDS cases globally. It is the only region where women living with HIV/AIDS outnumber men. Nearly 25 million Africans are living with HIV/AIDS, the vast majority of them adults in the prime of their working and parenting lives. Some 15 million people in Africa have already died of AIDS, with devastating social and economic consequences (UNAIDS, 1999). In the 30 sub-Saharan African countries with the highest HIV/AIDS prevalence levels, the average life expectancy has already started to decline, standing at about 47 years, roughly seven years lower than it would have been in the absence of the pandemic. The lifetime risk of dying from AIDS has</text>
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The Woman’s Role In Agricultural Policy Formulation and Implementation</text>
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                <text>Gender issues in agricultural technology development are focused on. In spite of a general perception of the vital role of women in agricultural production, some models and concepts still undermining this reality are identified and discussed. The prevalent model of modal rural households assumes a male head who acts as the single farm decision maker and many economic models of farm enterprises assume a commonality of interest among household members. Similarly, the conceptual and modelling biases of studies of production, commodities and annual field monocrops, and the focus on single utilities are also discussed, drawing examples from several developing countries. It is suggested that irrationality and waste of research and extension inevitably result in a non-adoption of technological innovation. It is concluded that entrenched normative and methodological problems continue to inhibit adequate data …</text>
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