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                <text>Cultivating social capital:&#13;
an exploratory analysis of business&#13;
postgraduates in Ghana</text>
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                <text>Purpose – This paper, grounded on social capital and social networking theory, examines how postgraduate&#13;
students in Ghana cultivate and utilise social resources towards career development.&#13;
Design/methodology/approach – Following a qualitative study design, the authors recruited and&#13;
conducted interviews with postgraduate student-workers undertaking a two-year Master of Science in&#13;
International Business.&#13;
Findings – There was an active engagement and consciously pre-plan mobilisation of social resources and&#13;
utilisation of social resources among the postgraduates. Despite the diverse processes of social capital&#13;
development identified, four important key themes emerged underpinning social capital mobilisation and&#13;
utilisation: (1) the recognition of the importance of social capital acquisition, (2) the strong link between social&#13;
capital and individual successes in employment and business opportunities, (3) the importance of the utilisation&#13;
of social resources for emotional support and (4) the use of social capital to reinforce the individual social&#13;
identity and recognition of an individual’s worth.&#13;
Practical implications – The authors offer a theoretical and practical contribution with a frame of&#13;
understanding by demonstrating that there is more to social capital than economic gain.&#13;
Social implications – Unlike the findings from prior research in Africa, the strong institutional and cultural&#13;
conditions did not constrain the key force of education and employability as drivers in attainment and social&#13;
positioning. This is an interesting and positive finding from the research, especially in terms of the importance&#13;
of providing educational opportunities to overcome institutional and cultural barriers to workforce&#13;
participation and career development.&#13;
Originality/value – Social networks contribute to career success, and while the participants used social&#13;
networks that reinforced ethnic and religious bonds, there is the opportunity to develop networks through&#13;
other identity processes, especially education. Formal education imparts more than formal skills and&#13;
qualifications. It provides the opportunity to access networks that transcend personal identity such as ethnicity&#13;
and to get support for career development.&#13;
Keywords Social capital, Social networking, Higher education, Qualitative methods, Ghana&#13;
Paper type Research paper</text>
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                <text>Corporate Social Responsibility in Africa Robert Ebo&#13;
Hinson</text>
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                <text>Corporate social responsibility is increasingly becoming the ideal and approved mode&#13;
of sustaining good relations between corporate bodies and their surrounding&#13;
communities. The building of a strong relationship is essential for the simple reason that&#13;
a corporation’s ability to operate effectively is partly dependent upon the community’s&#13;
understanding of the corporations’ business activities, their acceptance and the&#13;
provision of a conducive environment for the corporation to operate (Du and Vieria&#13;
2012). However, there seems to be a disconnect between the perceptions of&#13;
communities’ desire from such social interventions and what has been provided in many&#13;
documented instances. Eventually, situations have occurred where the desired effects of&#13;
the initiatives by corporate bodies are almost non-existent in beneficiary communities.&#13;
This can be attributed to the apparent lack of well-established relationships and trust&#13;
between corporations and communities. Additionally, according to Kemp (2010), it is&#13;
conceptualised as a three-dimensional practice that involves: working for the company&#13;
to understand local community perspectives; bridging community and company&#13;
perspectives to generate dialogue and mutual understanding; and, facilitating necessary&#13;
organisational change to improve social performance.&#13;
In this direction, this special issue sought conceptual and empirical research on the&#13;
extractive industry that employs theories and frameworks which aid our understanding&#13;
of how relations are being brokered at the community level. This special issue comprises&#13;
three papers that address corporate social responsibility issues within different contexts&#13;
and industries including the tobacco industry, extractive industry, and the&#13;
telecommunication industry. This special issue contributes to the growing body of&#13;
knowledge on socially responsible behaviour and the links to community relations.&#13;
Wunpini Mohammed, Anli Xiao and Erica Hilton in their paper assess how&#13;
telecommunication companies in Ghana manage corporate social responsibility and&#13;
delved into the need for these companies to rethink, reassess and restructure their&#13;
corporate social responsibility to focus more marginalised communities in Ghana. Their&#13;
Hinson, Tsiboe-Darko, and Boateng&#13;
2&#13;
findings show that telecommunication companies in Ghana adopt democratic and&#13;
collectivist principles to implement their corporate social responsibility initiatives.&#13;
Furthermore, the results show that the telecommunication companies mostly align their&#13;
corporate social responsibility initiatives with the social socio-economic needs of the&#13;
communities they operate in. However, most of the initiatives the companies undertake&#13;
are philanthropic in nature which may have little long-term impacts on marginalised&#13;
communities.&#13;
Tatenda Nhapi examines the roles of the state and non-state duty bearers in ensuring&#13;
that the tobacco industry in Zimbabwe implements corporate social responsibility&#13;
implementation and improves natural resources management outcomes. The paper&#13;
explores the experiences of tobacco farming and its impacts such as the degradation of&#13;
natural resources in the tobacco farming communities. It points out the lack of proactive&#13;
corporate social responsibility programs by the tobacco companies to address the&#13;
degradation of natural resources in the tobacco farming communities. The paper&#13;
highlights the need for communities of practice approach to corporate social&#13;
responsibility implementation and natural resources management. The paper also argues&#13;
for the need for tobacco companies to redesign their corporate social responsibility&#13;
programs to focus on the tobacco farming community in order to transform the&#13;
communities. Furthermore, it calls for the tobacco companies to involve various&#13;
stakeholders including social workers, business enterprises, grassroots communities,&#13;
and the farmers in the implementation of corporate social responsibility initiatives.&#13;
Douglas Adeola and Ogechi Adeola study corporate social responsibility in the&#13;
extractive sector with a specific focus on Chevron Nigeria. The paper argues that&#13;
businesses that seek to act responsibly must ensure that they do not cause harm to the&#13;
communities they operate in. Such companies must show restraint in their quest for&#13;
profit and must ensure peaceful co-existence among all stakeholders including the&#13;
immediate communities and environment. The immediate communities must benefit&#13;
from the operations of the business. Furthermore, it argues that responsible businesses,&#13;
especially those in the extractive industry, must be structured, fair, transparent, sensitive&#13;
to the needs of the immediate communities, and ensure shared value.&#13;
We want to thank the authors, the reviewers and the editor in chief contributing to this&#13;
issue and making it a success. We hope that the issue will stimulate further research&#13;
interest in this area. </text>
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                <text>https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/02500167.2019.1698629</text>
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                <text>An Introduction to Responsible Management: A Corporate Social Responsibility, Green Marketing, and Sustainability Management Perspective</text>
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                <text>There are rising calls for the adoption of responsible management practices in virtually every economic sector of both developed and developing economies. Among others, efforts to promote responsible management have been championed by governments, international organisations, academic institutions, and industry regulators. In developing economies, such moves have spawned numerous success stories across diverse sectors such as energy, mining, manufacturing, and agriculture. Despite these glowing achievements, a plethora of challenges persist that threaten the sustainable development agenda. Against this backdrop, we address some crucial pathways for the sustainability logic and responsible management philosophy, as exemplified by contemporary practices across various sectors within the emerging markets context. We conceptualised responsible management as built on three pillars and examine the contribution of this triad of cognate concepts and practices: corporate social responsibility, green business, and sustainable management. We argue that social responsibility is pivotal to responsible management since it is imperative for corporations to consider the interests of multiple stakeholders, including employees, the society, the environment, future generations, and not only the interests of companies and investors. Akin to corporate social responsibility are sustainable management practices. We applaud current sustainability transitions concerning initiatives by businesses to drive meaningful and rewarding sustainability action. However, considering the upsurge of irresponsible and unsustainable business practices that harm the biosphere, needlessly kill wildlife, deplete natural resources, and destroy vegetation, the chapter explicates some specific ways in which businesses in emerging markets can drive green business initiatives from thought to finish, as expressed through green sourcing, green processing, green production, and green consumption practices. We also make recommendations regarding how governments, policymakers, and managers can support and embed the responsible management agenda in emerging markets. The chapter recommends that organisations must reimagine present-day sustainability actions by adopting innovative and sustainable initiatives such as reducing consumption, recycling, remanufacturing, reusing resources, and employing cutting-edge technology to monitor business processes across the entire value-chain from manufacturing to the end-user. At the micro level, we advocate that firm managers, entrepreneurs, and individuals must propel efforts in adopting responsible management practices. Finally, this chapter introduces the multisectoral chapters contained in the pages of this book, outline contributions to theory, and discuss practical managerial and policy implications.</text>
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                <text>https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-030-76563-7_1</text>
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                <text>Africa in the Age of Digitalisation</text>
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                <text>This chapter explores the creative industries in Africa from a digital perspective. This ranges from digital advertising, design, fashion, film and music production to digital publishing and photography. There have been quite a range of innovative developments in the global value chain, which are also explored such as the deployment of artificial intelligence and augmented and virtual reality. Everything Digital – Fashion, Film, and Music production and distribution – is considered in the chapter. It also paves the way for further interrogation of the legal landscape and intellectual property challenges in the creative industries – which is the focus of Chapter 6.</text>
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                <text> Emerald Publishing Limited</text>
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                <text>2022</text>
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                <text>Health Service Marketing Management in Africa&#13;
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                <text>This book contains information obtained from authentic and highly regarded sources. Reasonable efforts have been made&#13;
to publish reliable data and information, but the author and publisher cannot assume responsibility for the validity of all&#13;
materials or the consequences of their use. The authors and publishers have attempted to trace the copyright holders of&#13;
all material reproduced in this publication and apologize to copyright holders if permission to publish in this form has not&#13;
been obtained. If any copyright material has not been acknowledged please write and let us know so we may rectify in any&#13;
future reprint.&#13;
Except as permitted under U.S. Copyright Law, no part of this book may be reprinted, reproduced, transmitted, or utilized&#13;
in any form by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying,&#13;
microfilming, and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without written permission from the&#13;
publishers.&#13;
For permission to photocopy or use material electronically from this work, please access www.copyright.com (www.&#13;
copyright.com/) or contact the Copyright Clearance Center, Inc. (CCC), 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923,&#13;
978-750-8400. CCC is a not-for-profit organization that provides licenses and registration for a variety of users. For&#13;
organizations that have been granted a photocopy license by the CCC, a separate system of payment has been arranged.&#13;
Trademark Notice: Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered trademarks, and are used only for&#13;
identification and explanation without intent to infringe.</text>
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                <text>Corporate social responsibility is increasingly becoming the ideal and approved mode of sustaining good relations between corporate bodies and their surrounding communities. The building of a strong relationship is essential for the simple reason that a corporation’s ability to operate effectively is partly dependent upon the community’s understanding of the corporations’ business activities, their acceptance and the provision of a conducive environment for the corporation to operate (Du and Vieria 2012). However, there seems to be a disconnect between the perceptions of communities’ desire from such social interventions and what has been provided in many documented instances. Eventually, situations have occurred where the desired effects of the initiatives by corporate bodies are almost non-existent in beneficiary communities. This can be attributed to the apparent lack of well-established relationships and trust between corporations and communities. Additionally, according to Kemp (2010), it is conceptualised as a three-dimensional practice that involves: working for the company to understand local community perspectives; bridging community and company perspectives to generate dialogue and mutual understanding; and, facilitating necessary organisational change to improve social performance.</text>
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                <text>The study examined perceptions of Internet usefulness amongst Ghanaian Non-traditional Exporters with the view to understanding usage patterns from perspectives such as levels of internationalization and direction of trade. The results showed that, Ghanaian NTEs with the highest internationalisation (80% - 99%) reckoned the most that the Internet was definitely useful in their exporting activities. NTE businesses, which were over 10 years old, were the most certain about the fact that the Internet plays a key role in their exporting business. In terms of South-South relations, it was amazing to note that NTEs who had exporting relations in the West African sub-region believed the most that, Internet use helped them in their export business. Wholly owned local exporting firms believed the most that, the Internet was key to their exporting more. Majority of NTEs (70%) strongly disagreed with the notion that the Internet is only for technical people, and this is encouraging to the extent that knowledge about the technology and the use of its applications can be more easily diffused amongst Ghanaian NTEs.</text>
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                <text>Emerging challenges, opportunities, and agenda for research, practice, and&#13;
policy on marketing and brand communications of higher education institutions&#13;
in Africa</text>
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                <text>The higher education landscape is changing. The global competition for students’ enrolments has increased&#13;
around the world. Universities are competing within their home market as well as in the international market. As&#13;
government funding for public universities is reducing, there is pressure on universities to seek additional&#13;
income by increasing their student enrolment. Attracting and enrolling students has become increasingly more&#13;
challenging, as student behaviour is changing. These challenges present the need for higher education&#13;
institutions to be more strategic in their approach to reaching out to prospective students. This concluding&#13;
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research were also provided. It is anticipated that this will shape further discussion and theoretical advancement&#13;
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                <text>The higher education landscape is changing. The global competition for students’ enrolments has increased around the world. Universities are competing within their home market as well as in the international market. As government funding for public universities is reducing, there is pressure on universities to seek additional income by increasing their student enrolment. Attracting and enrolling students has become increasingly more challenging, as student behaviour is changing. These challenges present the need for higher education institutions to be more strategic in their approach to reaching out to prospective students. This concluding chapter on strategic marketing of higher education in Africa presents practical implications and critical insights into strategic marketing and brand communications of higher education institutions in Africa. Agenda for future research were also provided. It is anticipated that this will shape further discussion and theoretical advancement which will be relevant for scholars, students, managers, practitioners, and policymakers in the field of higher education marketing.</text>
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                <text>https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9780429320934-17/conclusion-emmanuel-mogaji-felix-maringe-robert-ebo-hinson</text>
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                <text>This chapter interrogates Africa’s public sector organisations’ major objectives for using social media. The review of the literature and social media accounts found that social media platforms are used to provide information to citizens. The secondary objective is to identify effective pathways for offering opportunities for citizens to engage with public sector organisations in Africa. The chapter also identifies that social media platforms assume increased importance during times of crisis to manage emergencies in Africa. Social media platforms are an integral part of delivering e-government services in African countries. On the political front, social media plays a crucial in promoting democracy and citizens’ political participation. This chapter acknowledges the role played by social media platforms in enhancing government communications, engagement, and participation in governance.</text>
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